Abstract
Advancement in vehicle system and technology is a continuous process which started from the steam engine era to bring human comfort and ease of operation. In the last decade, the high oil prices due to the crisis of non-renewable fossil fuel and environmental concern regarding tailpipe emission from Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs) paved the emergence of hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs). Although EVs create zero tailpipe emission, but the dependency on coal fired power supply make the EVs also responsible for carbon emission in consideration of total Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The interaction of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) with vehicle to grid (V2G) in smart grid can reduce the dependency on carbon intensive power generation and alleviate the carbon footprint as well. This book article focuses on different fuel economy practiced in different countries; structure of different HEVs, EVs; economic and environmental implication of EVs and HEVs in comparison to ICEVs. Moreover it also highlights the mutual synergy between Electric Vehicles (EVs) and most advanced Automated Vehicles (AVs) to bring further fuel economy and environmental benefit.
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