Abstract
Thermomechanical Controlled Processing (TMCP), the initial microstructure and mechanical properties of rolled products made of high-strength steels, have a significant influence on the properties and reliability of welded structures for low temperature and cryogenic service. This paper systematizes advanced research trends in the field of metallurgy and weldability of high-strength cold-resistant and cryogenic steels. The classification and properties of high-strength steels are given and TMCP diagrams and phase transformations are considered. Modern methods of improving the viscoplasticity of rolled steel and welded joints are analyzed. The problems of the weldability of high-strength steels are reduction of impact toughness at low temperatures, hydrogen embrittlement, anisotropy, and softening of welded joints in the heat-affected zone. The authors propose a systemic concept and methods for improving the metallurgy and weldability of high-strength steels for low temperature and cryogenic service.
Highlights
Metals 2021, 11, 1891. https://High-strength cold-resistant and cryogenic steels are widely used for icebreakers, gas carriers, hydrogen storage, hydrocarbon production and transportation, wind turbines, offshore platforms, railroads, and the automotive industry
Thermomechanical Controlled Processing (TMCP), the initial microstructure and mechanical properties of rolled products made of high-strength steels, have a significant influence on the properties and reliability of welded structures for low temperature and cryogenic service
The scientific novelty of this paper consists in the analysis of problems of weldability and the systemic concept formulation of a relationship between the steelmaking, weldability and manufacturing of welded structures for low temperature and cryogenic service
Summary
High-strength cold-resistant and cryogenic steels are widely used for icebreakers, gas carriers, hydrogen storage, hydrocarbon production and transportation, wind turbines, offshore platforms, railroads, and the automotive industry. The micro-alloying of V, Nb, Ti, and Thermomechanical Controlled Processing (TMCP) allowed the achievement of a finegrained microstructure, increasing strength and impact toughness with a decrease in carbon content < 0.15% [1,2,3]. Subsequent development of TMCP and the application of accelerated cooling with tempering allowed for obtaining ferritic–bainitic and ferritic–martensitic microstructures of steels with reduced carbon content
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