Abstract
Simulators for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have problems of bulky devices and low-fidelity methodologies. Hence, ongoing efforts for optimizing modern solutions focus on minimizing expenses and blending training with the intensive care unit. This is particularly evident following the coronavirus pandemic, where economic resources have been extensively cut. In this paper, as a part of an ECMO simulator for training management, an advance thermochromic ink system for medical blood simulation is presented. The system was developed and enhanced as a prototype with successful and reversible transitions between dark and bright red blood color to simulate blood oxygenation and deoxygenation in ECMO training sessions.
Highlights
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is arguably the most complicated procedure in the intensive care unit (ICU) [1], and it is an intrusive life-sustaining system that delivers cardiopulmonary support to patients as they recovery from acute respiratory and/or cardiogenic failure [2]
ECMO is fraught with problems exacerbated by the patient’s diagnosis, technical deficiencies of the devices, or professional error and ineptitude of new clinical care staff [3,4]
As ECMO is a high-risk technique, training staff has recently been carried out using simulation-based training (SBT) systems [6,7,8,9]
Summary
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is arguably the most complicated procedure in the intensive care unit (ICU) [1], and it is an intrusive life-sustaining system that delivers cardiopulmonary support to patients as they recovery from acute respiratory and/or cardiogenic failure [2]. The patients’ critical reliance on ECMO necessitates its continuous operation with minimum errors. ECMO is fraught with problems exacerbated by the patient’s diagnosis, technical deficiencies of the devices, or professional error and ineptitude of new clinical care staff [3,4]. As ECMO is a high-risk technique, training staff has recently been carried out using simulation-based training (SBT) systems [6,7,8,9]. The simulation model defined by Anderson has been used by the majority of ECMO centers that provides SBT [10,11]. The scheme is made up of an ECMO circuit loaded with red fluid and attached to a tank with a discreet attachment to a syringe that allows for circuit volume change and air delivery [11]. When the simulation session starts, discrete manual changes are made to the circuit to replicate emergency scenarios [11,12]
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