Advanced Techniques for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering and Regeneration.

Moon Sung Kang,Seok Hyun Lee,Dong-Wook Han,Ji Eun Lee,Bongju Kim,Won Jung Park

doi:10.3390/bioengineering7030099

Abstract

Tissue engineering has recently emerged as a novel strategy for the regeneration of damaged skeletal muscle tissues due to its ability to regenerate tissue. However, tissue engineering is challenging due to the need for state-of-the-art interdisciplinary studies involving material science, biochemistry, and mechanical engineering. For this reason, electrospinning and three-dimensional (3D) printing methods have been widely studied because they can insert embedded muscle cells into an extracellular-matrix-mimicking microenvironment, which helps the growth of seeded or laden cells and cell signals by modulating cell–cell interaction and cell–matrix interaction. In this mini review, the recent research trends in scaffold fabrication for skeletal muscle tissue regeneration using advanced techniques, such as electrospinning and 3D bioprinting, are summarized. In conclusion, the further development of skeletal muscle tissue engineering techniques may provide innovative results with clinical potential for skeletal muscle regeneration.

Highlights

Skeletal muscle tissue has a highly differentiated and sophisticated microstructure that is often damaged by traumatic injury, tumor ablation, and degenerative disease, leading to muscle fiber atrophy
The degree of myotube maturation was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis and the length and alignment of the myotubes, which indicated that the aligned PCL/collagen aligned nanosheets considerably enhanced the maturation of human skeletal muscle cells (hSkMCs)
The results indicated that the topographical cues induced by PVA fibers induced the alignment of the C2C12 myoblasts, and the dECM component led to the highly-matured myogenic differentiation of cells

Summary

Introduction

Skeletal muscle tissue has a highly differentiated and sophisticated microstructure that is often damaged by traumatic injury, tumor ablation, and degenerative disease, leading to muscle fiber atrophy. Despite the high regeneration capacity of skeletal muscle tissue, large volumes of muscle loss are not naturally recovered and need interventional support [1,2,3,4]. Several strategies, including surgery, medicine, physical therapy, cell therapy, nanotechnology, and tissue engineering, have emerged to promote skeletal muscle regeneration [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. Scaffolds for muscle tissue engineering provide three-dimensional (3D) support that can help the growth of laden or seeded cells, an adequate microstructure, and cell signals by modulating cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. PEG-fibrinogen Pluronic/alginate CH-01 and CH-02 tetrameric self-assembling peptides

Electrospinning

Three-Dimensional Bioprinting

Findings

Conclusions