Abstract
Changes in the environment due to multiple factors such as combustion of fossil fuels, heating, transportation, deforestation, etc. had led to more greenhouse gases in atmosphere that eventually lead to rise in global temperatures. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major factor for rapid rise in global temperature. One of the best encouraging technological advances to address global warming is to transform CO2 into value-added commodities that offer a win-win strategy. In this regard, intensive research has been pursued around the world for development of feasible systems in product recovery or product synthesis from CO2 rich industrial emissions. We envision that biological CO2 reduction or conversion process can be beneficial for developing carbon neutral technologies. The integration of CO2 emitting industrial technologies with CO2 converting biological systems can be helpful in achieving sustainable value-added products with no or minimal loss of energy and materials which is assuring for improved economics. The CO2 converting bioprocesses can be directly integrated with the processes emitting high amount of CO2. This symbiotic integration can make the whole process carbon neutral. Herein, this review highlights an insight on research activities of biological CO2 mitigation using photo catalysts (algae and photo bacteria), anaerobic biocatalyst (bacteria), gas fermentation and enzymatic catalyst. Perspectives and challenges of these technologies have been discussed.
Highlights
Expansion of industries and world population are leading to an increase in the release of greenhouse gases, resulting in accelerated global warming (Kumar et al, 2016; Effendi and Ng, 2019; Youn et al, 2019)
This study proposed that Chlorella HA-1 can be used to treat industrial flue gas with a maximum CO2 concentration of 10% (Watanabe et al, 1992)
One approach is noteworthy to point out because of its huge potential in the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from CO2. This method allows a CO2 reduction of 0.125 t CO2 /t DME, which is known to be higher in comparison to the state-of-the-art process with an intermediation of methanol equivalent to a 30% reduction
Summary
Expansion of industries and world population are leading to an increase in the release of greenhouse gases, resulting in accelerated global warming (Kumar et al, 2016; Effendi and Ng, 2019; Youn et al, 2019). The higher levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the environment have become a major contributor to global warming (Figure 1A). Both reduction in CO2 emission and capture of CO2 are critical to reduce global warming (Benhelal et al, 2013). In this regard, carbon capture, sequestration, and utilization have proven to be efficient options for decreasing the atmospheric CO2, which can be regarded as a waste-to-energy process (Liu et al, 2016). Many bench laboratory-scale or pilot-scale technologies are being developed to increase the performance of CO2 capture, sequestration, and utilization toward value addition (Shi et al, 2015)
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