Abstract
With the trend of low emissions and sustainable development, the demand for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) has increased rapidly. By combining a conventional internal combustion engine with one or more electric motors powered by a battery, HEVs have the advantages over traditional vehicles in better fuel economy and lower tailpipe emissions. Nevertheless, the power management strategies (PMSs) for conventional vehicles which mainly focus on the efficiency of internal combustion engine are no longer applicable due to the complex internal structure of HEVs. Hence, a large number of novel strategies appropriate for HEVs have been surveyed, but most of the researches concentrate on discussing the classifications of PMSs and comparing their cons and pros. This paper presents a comprehensive review of power management strategies adopted in HEVs aiming at specific challenges for the first time. The categories of the existing PMSs are presented based on the different algorithms, followed by a brief study of each type including the analysis of its pros and cons. Afterwards, the implementation and optimization of power management strategies aiming at proposed challenges are introduced in detail with the description of their optimization objectives and optimized results. Finally, future directions and open issues of PMSs in HEVs are discussed.
Highlights
Due to the dramatic expansion of the world population and economic boom in most countries, the ownership of private cars is rising sharply, which imposes a serious burden on energy distribution and environmental protection [1]
The power management strategies for conventional vehicles, which mainly focus on the efficiency of internal combustion engine, are no longer applicable due to the complex internal structure of Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)
The results revealed that the ability of Equivalent cost minimization strategy (ECMS) can obtain a near optimal solution compared with dynamic programming (DP) at lower computational requirements
Summary
Due to the dramatic expansion of the world population and economic boom in most countries, the ownership of private cars is rising sharply, which imposes a serious burden on energy distribution and environmental protection [1]. Compared with the single power structure of traditional fuelbased vehicles, the power supply system of HEV is composed of several parts such as generator, internal combustion engine, and converter [3]. Such internal structure enriches the energy sources of HEV, enabling it to be driven by both electricity and heat, reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and emissions. The computation load generated by some power management strategies, such as dynamic programming (DP), is likely to increase substantially with the expansion of optimal objectives [8]. Different from traditional fuel-based vehicles, HEV driven by multiple power sources has various energy flows and transitions internally. Part V discusses future trends and open issues of power management strategies in HEVs
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