Advanced pectin-based films: Enhancing antioxidant, antibacterial, UV barrier, and physicochemical properties upon oligomeric limonene derivative incorporation

Abstract

In the field of active packaging, the utility of limonene (LIM) as an antioxidant, antibacterial agent, and UV blocker has long been recognized. However, its high volatility and limited stability have constrained its full potential. Thus, this research proposes the use of an oligomer derivative, poly (limonene) (PLM), as an alternative functional component in citrus pectin-based films. Percentages of 10% and 20% (w/w of pectin) of PLM and LIM were incorporated leading to films with enhanced antioxidant activity (84% higher than the control sample) and UV light barrier effect (particularly in the UV-A and UV-B range) when 10% of PLM was used. Notably, the introduction of PLM into the films imparted effective antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, it enhanced tensile strength by 35% and elongation at break by 85%. Although the mechanical properties were statistically similar to the films with LIM, its derived oligomer showed superior performance regarding functional properties, probably related to its non-volatility. These findings underscore the potential of PLM as a groundbreaking and non-volatile functional additive for the active packaging field.