Abstract
In this work, the recent trends in the application of the sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) for the treatment of wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants (ECs) and pathogenic load were systematically studied due to the high oxidizing power ascribed to these technologies. Additionally, because of the economic benefits and the synergies presented in terms of efficiency in ECs degradation and pathogen inactivation, the combination of the referred to AOPs and conventional treatments, including biological processes, was covered. Finally, the barriers and limitations related to the implementation of SR-AOPs were described, highlighting the still scarce full-scale implementation and the high operating-costs associated, especially when solar energy cannot be used in the oxidation systems.
Highlights
Less than 3% ammonia and ~15% of the dissolved organic carbon degradation, which was primarily attributed to the glucose oxidation by HO, were removed. These results indicated the excellent selective oxidation capacity of the Clofibric acid (CFA)-targeted Fe-PS system
Based on the analysis of secondary information, which constituted the fundamental basis of this systematic study, it is possible to conclude that there is a marked interest in the investigation of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to be implemented in the treatment of WW polluted with emerging contaminants (ECs) and pathogens, and SR-AOPs have been proven to be one of the most studied processes in recent years, due to their high oxidation potential and decontamination prospects; the research is still limited to the laboratory scale
Further research focused on the application of this kind of AOPs on a real scale is required in order to achieve results closer to reality
Summary
Bacteria and genes resistant to antibiotics [9], the main pollutants include organic compounds such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, perfluorinated compounds, pesticides, surfactants, flame retardants, dyes and a wide variety of industrial additives and synthetic chemical compounds [5,10,11,12,13,14] Among these pollutants, the group of emerging contaminants (ECs) stands out due to their bioaccumulable, persistent and toxic character, along with their carcinogenic and mutagenic potential, posing a risk to human health and the environment [15,16,17,18], and constituting a concern of great interest nowadays [19]. Several ECs are not yet included in the legislation of many countries, or there is no legal regulation determining the maximum allowable levels of these substances in the environment [20,21,22,23]
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