Abstract
This study investigates advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) as post-treatment techniques to degrade sulfolane in soil washing water. Soil washing experiments were conducted with different soil/water ratios, shaking times, and number of extraction cycles. The soil wash water containing sulfolane was treated with four AOPs including H2O2/ultraviolet (UV), O3/UV, alkaline ozonation, and neutral Fenton reagent. Results show that sulfolane can be effectively removed from the soil using water as a washing solvent, where optimum conditions were found with 30 min of vigorous shaking, using 1:2 soil/water mass ratio, and a three-cycle extraction procedure. Moreover, the sulfolane in the soil wash water was also effectively degraded using appropriate AOPs. Among the four AOPs investigated, neutral Fenton was the least effective method to treat sulfolane in the wash water, while H2O2/UV, O3/UV, and alkaline ozonation can achieve more than 99% of sulfolane degradation within 1 h.
Highlights
Soil washing processes integrated with post-treatment technologies like bioremediation, phytoremediation, chemical oxidation, photocatalytic degradation, and electrokinetic remediation have been reported to effectively eliminate organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other contaminants commonly found around oil and gas facilities sites [1,2,3,4,5]
The results show that more than 80% of sulfolane can be removed from soils by using water as a solvent
This study demonstrated that soil washing using water as a washing solvent integrated with appropriate technologies that can effectively treatusing sulfolane in as contaminated soils
Summary
Soil washing processes integrated with post-treatment technologies like bioremediation, phytoremediation, chemical oxidation, photocatalytic degradation, and electrokinetic remediation have been reported to effectively eliminate organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other contaminants commonly found around oil and gas facilities sites [1,2,3,4,5]. This has never been attempted for sulfolane contaminated sites. The impact of different parameters (e.g., pH, concentration of H2 O2 and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelated iron, and O3 flow rate) on the sulfolane degradation rate were investigated in this study
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