Abstract
In this paper, spectral efficiency of free-space optical (FSO) communication is enhanced by the utilization of advanced schemes of optical spatial modulation (OSM). Optical generalized spatial modulation (OGSM), optical enhanced spatial modulation (OESM), and optical improved quadrature spatial modulation (OIQSM) are proposed for performance improvement of FSO systems over Gamma-Gamma (G-G) channel incorporating pointing errors and path loss effect. These methods are investigated in terms of bit error rate (BER) and the analytical BER upper bound results are corroborated by Monte Carlo simulations. Both spatial domain and symbol domain errors are considered while calculating BER upper bounds. The specifications required to implement the schemes are also presented. The proposed methods offer benefits of reduced cost and power consumption, and BER performance improvement over OSM for higher spectral efficiencies. The upper bounds of BER are tight for all values of transmit power for various configurations of the proposed schemes.
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