Advanced Onsite Wastewater Systems Technologies

Abstract

ONSITE WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT - AN OVERVIEW Introduction Septic Systems versus Advanced Onsite Systems versus Centralized Treatment Managed Advanced Onsite Treatment Wastewater Treatment Levels and Receiving Environment Septic Systems Cannot Do It Alone Onsite Treatment to Levels Greater Than Septic Tanks Use of Soil for the Majority of the Treatment Is Not Required Assimilation: Subsurface or Surface Dispersal of Effluent Responsible Management and Regulations Onsite Technology Is Ready for the 21st Century Advanced Onsite Treatment Systems Onsite Effluent Dispersal Systems Remote Monitoring System Regulatory Framework References DECENTRALIZED WASTEWATER SOLUTIONS Introduction The Term Decentralized Centralized Versus Decentralized Solutions The Science of Wastewater Pollution Scale Wastewater Treatment Basics Determining Wastewater Characteristics A Simple Look at Wastewater Treatment Concept of Overall Treatment Levels Soil and Site Issues References MEDIA FILTERS Introduction Theory of Attached Growth Wastewater Treatment Systems Types of Natural and Synthetic Media Used for Treating Wastewater Flow and Load Estimates Single- Pass Systems Methods and Benefits of Recirculation Textile Filters Controls Level Sensors Determining Timer Settings Pump Selection Other Fixed Film Processes System Monitoring and Maintenance Soil Dispersal of Packed Bed Filter Effluent References AEROBIC TREATMENT UNITS Introduction Theory of Biochemical Wastewater Treatment Using Aerobic Treatment Processes Aerobic Treatment Unit (ATU) Operation Typical ATU Configurations Oxygen Transfer ATU Influent Hydraulic and Organic Loading Flow Equalization Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Wastewater Operational Issues Performance Certification References EFFLUENT DISPERSAL AND RECYCLING SYSTEMS Introduction Effluent Dispersal Technologies Soil and Site Evaluation: Then and Now Assimilation: Subsurface Dispersal of Effluent New Concept for Effluent Dispersal System Design Experimental Design Example Nitrogen Reduction and the Effluent Dispersal System Nitrogen Model Total Maximum Yearly Load (TMYL) References MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR USING ADVANCED ONSITE WASTEWATER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES Introduction Centralized Versus Onsite Wastewater Systems' Management EPA Management Models Responsible Management Entity (RME) Who Can Be An RME? Utility/RME System Concept Value-Added Services Redefining the Roles Helping the Onsite Industry Serving the People and the Environment Long-Term Cost Regulatory Changes Needed Examples of Utility Programs References REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR USING ADVANCED ONSITE WASTEWATER SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES Introduction Regulatory Framework for Use of Septic Systems Regulatory Framework for Use of Advanced Onsite Systems Building a Foundation for Performance Based Regulations Performance Monitoring Requirements Matrix Approval Process for Advanced Onsite Technology Soil and Site Issues Building Agreement PLANNING WITH ADVANCED ONSITE SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES Introduction Integrating the Use of Advanced Onsite Systems in Planning Onsite versus Centralized Wastewater Systems Wastewater and the Receiving Environment Operation and Management Infrastructure References THE FUTURE OF ADVANCED ONSITE SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES Introduction Managed Onsite Systems Why Treat Beyond The Septic Tank? Fixing Current Problems and Addressing Future Needs Performance Monitoring Is Now Possible Regulating Use of Onsite Systems Online Five Steps to E-Government for Onsite Systems The Future Is Bright References