Advanced metal–organic frameworks for aqueous sodium-ion rechargeable batteries

Abstract

In this comprehensive review, we summarize the recent progress on the metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as electrode materials for aqueous sodium-ion rechargeable batteries (ASIBs) and discuss future challenges for the MOFs based on current technologies. • Aqueous sodium-ion rechargeable batteries (ASIBs) are cheap, safe, and low toxicity. • Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been studied as electrode materials for ASIBs. • The MOFs were reviewed in terms of type and combination of central transition metals. • The applications of MOFs to aqueous sodium-metal hybrid ion batteries were reviewed. • The comprehensive review gives insight into the future development of MOFs for ASIBs. Inexpensive and abundant sodium resources make energy storage systems using sodium chemistry promising replacements for typical lithium-ion rechargeable batteries (LIBs). Fortuitously, aqueous sodium-ion rechargeable batteries (ASIBs), which operate in aqueous electrolytes, are cheaper, safer, and more ionically conductive than batteries that operate in conventional organic electrolytes; furthermore, they are suitable for grid-scale energy storage applications. As electrode materials for storing Na + ions in ASIBs, a variety of multifunctional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated great potential in terms of having porous 3D crystal structures, compatibility with aqueous solutions, long cycle lives (≥1000 cycles), and ease of synthesis. The present review describes MOF-derived technologies for the successful application of MOFs to ASIBs and suggests future challenges in this area of research based on the current understanding.