Abstract
Since releasing saline wastewater into the environment without first treating it can seriously harm the ecosystem by contaminating soil, surface water, and groundwater, it has become one of the main problems in many nations. This paper highlights forward osmosis membrane and forward osmosis membrane bioreactor, electrodialysis, and electrodialysis metathesis techniques for saline water and wastewater treatment. Besides, the fouling issues of membranes and mitigation methods are discussed. Among them, the prospects and challenges faced by membrane technology include membrane pollution, the lack of pilot-scale research, and problems related to economic aspects. Additionally, the methods that have obvious effects on alleviating membrane pollution are presentment before the main membrane device, physical or chemical cleaning, and membrane modification.
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