Abstract

Fouling alleviation and control in full-scale reverse osmosis (RO) processes can be seriously hindered by ineffective fouling characterization. Fouling characterization is currently done primarily by measuring the silt density index (SDI) of feed water and monitoring the average permeate flux of full-scale RO processes. However, the SDI or related fouling indices have been known not capable to catch all possible foulants to RO membranes, and the average permeate flux may fail to correctly reflect membrane fouling in full-scale RO processes under certain circumstances.

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