Advanced imaging findings in a cat with left ventricular apical aneurysm

Abstract

An eight-year-old, male neutered, domestic shorthair cat presented with severe anemia. Two-dimensional echocardiography identified severe left ventricular apical dilation with wall thinning and akinesia. The basal portion of the left ventricle showed equivocal hypertrophy and subjective hyperkinesis. Speckle tracking echocardiography showed marked abnormalities in all deformation planes (longitudinal, circumferential, radial strain) and twist. Three-dimensional Bull's eye plot reconstruction was also performed. Post-mortem evaluation showed a pale and paper-thin left ventricular apex and histopathology confirmed full-thickness cardiomyocytes loss with fibrous replacement. Left ventricular acquired apical aneurysms are the result of chronic damage of the myocardium and are associated with many disease conditions in people, including coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathy. The exact pathophysiological mechanism could not be determined with certainty in the cat of the present report, but advanced echocardiographic evaluation added some fine details into the characterization of this infrequently reported abnormality.