Abstract
New vehicles are now expected to be involved in the rapid development of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET) is the basic equipment used for the production of ITSs with a rapid and dynamic network topology. The increasing number of connected vehicles and the need for real-time data processing has created a growing demand for turning real VANETs into an automotive Internet of Vehicle (IoV) for achieving a goal of an effective and smart future transportation system. In this paper, an Advanced Greedy Hybrid Bio-Inspired (AGHBI) routing protocol with a greedy forwarding system is proposed to improve the performance of IoV, where a modified hybrid routing scheme with the help of a bee colony optimization is used to select the highest quality of service route and maintain the path with minimum overflow. Simulation results confirm that the proposed protocol can cope well with both Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V), and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) environments and has a great impact on improving the packet delivery ratio, and the delay, while attaining acceptable overhead and hops count among all vehicles.
Highlights
Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) [1] are a special type of Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) [2] where an On-Board Unit (OBU) like vehicles can act as data exchange nodes; this data can vary depending on different applications (e. g., online vehicle status checking, intelligent route navigation and rescue, and avoiding illegal cyber operations) [3]
To select the optimal route for forwarding data on Internet of Vehicle (IoV) environment, Advanced Greedy Hybrid Bio-Inspired (AGHBI) uses two basic steps; first, a greedy forwarding scheme that is used to choose the closest segment to the destination, a modified hybrid routing scheme with the help of an Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization algorithm is used to select the highest QoS route and maintain the path with minimum overflow
Simulation results confirm that AGHBI protocol is scalable with large urban and highway areas and outperforms VSIM, AODV and GPSR by about 7%, 13.9% and 29.7% for packet delivery ratio, and 39%, 72% and 61% for the delay; respectively, while attaining tolerable overhead by about 48% and 19.8% compared with that of VSIM and GPSR, it gains lower hops count by about 14% and 39% compared to VSIM and AODV; respectively
Summary
Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) [1] are a special type of Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) [2] where an On-Board Unit (OBU) like vehicles can act as data exchange nodes; this data can vary depending on different applications (e. g., online vehicle status checking, intelligent route navigation and rescue, and avoiding illegal cyber operations) [3]. Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) [1] are a special type of Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) [2] where an On-Board Unit (OBU) like vehicles can act as data exchange nodes; this data can vary depending on different applications VANET communication modes are categorized as Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) [4,5]. The Road Side Units (RSUs) [6] operate as assistants to reinforce the transmission procedure if the V2V wireless communication mode is not accessible. Because of high mobility and changes in network topology, it requires new types of routing protocols that have to be performed by mobile and unreliable nodes (vehicles). The specific protocols for IoV can be grouped into four general categories [8]; topology-based, position-based, broadcastbased and multicast-based routing
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