Abstract
A declined salivary gland function is commonly observed in elderly people. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of aging. Although physical exercise is shown to increase various organ functions in human and experimental models, it is not known whether it has a similar effect in the salivary glands. In the present study, we evaluated the AGEs burden in the salivary gland in the aging process and the protective effect of physical exercise on age-related salivary hypofunction. To accelerate the aging process, rats were peritoneally injected with D-galactose for 6 weeks. Young control rats and d-galactose-induced aging rats in the old group were not exercised. The rats in the physical exercise group ran on a treadmill (12 m/min, 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 6 weeks). The results showed that the salivary flow rate and total protein levels in the saliva of the d-galactose-induced aging rats were reduced compared to those of the young control rats. Circulating AGEs in serum and secreted AGEs in saliva increased with d-galactose-induced aging. AGEs also accumulated in the salivary glands of these aging rats. The salivary gland of aging rats showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, loss of acinar cells, and apoptosis compared to young control mice. However, physical exercise suppressed all of these age-related salivary changes. Overall, physical exercise could provide a beneficial option for age-related salivary hypofunction.
Highlights
Most elderly people have a clinical symptom of age-related hyposalivation [1]
In disease and increased the salivary flow rate, protein, and lysozyme secretion addition, we examined the effects of physical exercise on age-related salivary glandThus, hypoinfunction
To evaluate the burden of salivary Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in D-galactose-induced aging rats, we examined the immunohistochemical staining of AGEs in the salivary gland tissues
Summary
Most elderly people have a clinical symptom of age-related hyposalivation [1]. The maintaining of normal salivary function is important for a healthy oral environment. The pathogenic risk factors of salivary gland hypofunction are chemical medications, several chronic diseases, radiation therapy, and the aging process [4]. To control this clinical symptom, there are several treatment options, such as artificial saliva, chewing gum, malic acid, and pilocarpine [5]. Exercise decreased prevalence of periodontal erate exercise induces an enhanced expression of antioxidant enzymes, resulting a disease [17] and increased the salivary flow rate, protein, and lysozyme secretionin[18]. We examined the effects of physical exercise on age-related salivary gland hypofunction
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