Abstract
Chemical absorption plays a key role in the field of mitigation actions against climate change, more focuses on reducing industrial-derived CO2 emissions instead of those from fossil-fueled energy production plants. The development of advanced solvents is mandatory to overcome the main drawbacks associated with conventional amine-based chemical absorption, particularly solvent regeneration – reducing energy consumption – and environmental safety – minimizing solvent loss and volatile emissions. This chapter summarizes the current state of art of solvents for carbon capture based on chemical absorption, from conventional amine solvents to cutting-edge advance solvents such as ionic liquids, biphasic solvents, and porous liquids. The most relevant features and disadvantages regarding their use are reported, including new insights in terms of kinetics, regeneration energy, environmental indicators, and layout configurations. The future directions, the knowledge gaps of this technology, and its deployment at industrial scale are also further discussed.
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