Abstract
Metamaterials with novel properties have excited much research attention in the past several decades. Many applications have been proposed and developed for the reported metamaterials in various engineering areas. Specifically, for the resonant-type metamaterials with narrow resonance line width and strong resonance strength, the resonant frequency and strength are highly depended on the changings of meta-atom structure and/or substrate media properties induced by the environment physical or chemistry parameters varying. Therefore, physical or chemistry sensing applications for the resonant-type metamaterial units or arrays are developed in recent years. In this mini review, to help the researchers in those fields to catch up with the newly research advances, we would like to summarize the recently reported high-performance metamaterial-inspired sensing applications, especially the temperature sensing applications, based on different kinds of metamaterials. Importantly, by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of several conventional metamaterial units, the newly proposed high quality-factor metamaterial units are discussed for high-precision sensing applications, in terms of the sensitivity and resolution. This mini review can guide researchers in the area of metamaterial-inspired sensors to find some new design routes for high-precision sensing.
Highlights
Electromagnetic metamaterials are kinds of synthetic structural materials with novel electromagnetic properties not found in nature [1]
Singh et al broke the basic electromagnetic metamaterial unit structure and proposed a new Fano asymmetric resonance which can be seen in Figure 2C-i [24]
By placing the period symmetric arrangement of the Fano resonator shown in Figure 2C-i as the mirror symmetric arrangement shown in Figure 2D, one can get the toroidal resonance with quality factor larger than the regular Lorentz resonance [63]
Summary
Electromagnetic metamaterials are kinds of synthetic structural materials with novel electromagnetic properties not found in nature [1]. According to the sensing mechanism of resonant-type metamaterial-inspired sensors mentioned above, the temperature sensitive dielectric substrate materials and the sub-wavelength nano/micro mechanical structure with thermal expansion coefficient differences will result in the changings of resonant frequency/strength under different temperatures [38,39,40,41,42]. The result shown in this work (e.g., Figure 2B-ii) is higher than the traditional metamaterial resonance unit, which can be used to improve sensing sensitivity and resolution On another hand, Singh et al broke the basic electromagnetic metamaterial unit structure and proposed a new Fano asymmetric resonance which can be seen in Figure 2C-i [24]. For those proposed high quality-factor metamaterials, it can be used very in the high-precision temperature sensing area if those meta-atoms are designed on the temperature sensitivity substrates or the meta-atom is composed directly by the temperature sensitivity metals
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