Abstract
Background and objectives: Medical devices such as catheters are used on a large scale to treat heart and cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, they present some important drawbacks (structure failure, calcifications, infections, thrombosis, etc.), with the main side effects occurring due to adhesion and proliferation of bacteria and living cells on the surface of the implanted devices. The aim of this work is to modify the surface of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), an affordable biocompatible material, in order to reduce these aforementioned side effects. Materials and Methods: The surface of PVC was modified by depositing a thin layer also of PVC that incorporates an active substance, dicoumarol (a well-known anticoagulant), by spin coating process. The modified surfaces were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to determine the surface morphology and behavior. The samples were tested for Gram-positive (S. aureus ATCC 25923) and Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853) standard strains from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Results: The material obtained had a smooth surface with a uniform distribution of dicoumarol, which is released depending on the deposition parameters. The concentration of dicoumarol at the surface of the material and also the release rate is important for the applications for which the surface modification was designed. PVC modified using the proposed method showed a good ability to prevent salt deposition and decreased the protein adhesion, and the resistance to bacterial adherence was improved compared with standard PVC.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for a large number of deaths and it is estimated that this number will grow in the coming years
Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis was performed on the plates subjected to spin coating deposition process at the limit of the flow of the coating solution, meaning to the extent at which the coating was performed, in order to highlight the morphological change of the initial uncoated surface
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) surfaces can be successfully modified by spin coating using various spin rates
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for a large number of deaths and it is estimated that this number will grow in the coming years. Medicina 2019, 55, 421 drugs [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] Such devices have some important drawbacks, such as structure failure, calcifications, infections, thrombosis, etc. Intra-cardiac catheter introduction for experimental or diagnostic purposes and its maintenance for a period of 7–14 days can cause valvular or parietal endocarditis [13,14] To overcome these drawbacks, many studies have been conducted on several materials. Medical devices such as catheters are used on a large scale to treat heart and cardiovascular diseases They present some important drawbacks (structure failure, calcifications, infections, thrombosis, etc.), with the main side effects occurring due to adhesion and proliferation of bacteria and living cells on the surface of the implanted devices. The samples were tested for Gram-positive (S. aureus ATCC 25923) and Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853) standard strains from
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