Abstract
Plant pathogens reduce global crop productivity by up to 40% per annum, causing enormous economic loss and potential environmental effects from chemical management practices. Thus, early diagnosis and quantitation of the causal pathogen species for accurate and timely disease control is crucial. Botrytis Gray Mold (BGM), caused by Botrytis cinerea and B. fabae, can seriously impact production of temperate grain legumes separately or within a complex. Accordingly, several immunogenic and molecular probe-type protocols have been developed for their diagnosis, but these have varying levels of species-specificity, sensitivity and consequent usefulness within the paddock. To substantially improve speed, accuracy and sensitivity, advanced nanoparticle-based biosensor approaches have been developed. These novel methods have made enormous impact toward disease diagnosis in the medical sciences and offer potential for transformational change within the field of plant pathology and disease management, with early and accurate diagnosis at the point-of-care in the field. Here we review several recently developed diagnostic tools that build on traditional approaches and are available for pathogen diagnosis, specifically for Botrytis spp. diagnostic applications. We then identify the specific gaps in knowledge and current limitations to these existing tools.
Highlights
Legumes are the member of third largest plant family, Fabaceae, which comprises over 20,000 species are grown in a broad spectrum of climatic conditions and soil categories (Cernay et al, 2016)
Botrytis gray mold (BGM) of temperate grain legumes is caused by the fungal species Botrytis cinerea and Botrytis fabae separately or in a complex
There are a range of technologies used in advance diagnostic assays for plant pathogens
Summary
Legumes are the member of third largest plant family, Fabaceae, which comprises over 20,000 species are grown in a broad spectrum of climatic conditions and soil categories (Cernay et al, 2016). Legume crops help to build soil fertility by fixing nitrogen, act as a disease break for cereal and oilseed crops are staple foods, providing a significant source of protein, dietary fiber, Botrytis Gray Mold Biosensor carbohydrates and dietary minerals, as well as essential amino acids. Grain legumes are susceptible to attack by numerous pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, viruses to nematodes and parasitic plants, resulting in large global economic disaster. Necrotrophic fungal pathogens such as Ascochyta spp., Botrytis spp., Colletotrichum spp. and others cause widespread disease and severe crop loss. Botrytis gray mold (BGM) of temperate grain legumes is caused by the fungal species Botrytis cinerea and Botrytis fabae separately or in a complex. The loss in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) from attack from Botrytis spp. in Australia alone during a conducive year is around AUD $1.4 million and AUD $1.0 million, respectively (Murray and Brennan, 2012)
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