Abstract
Oral cancers are one of the most common cancers worldwide today. They are usually neglected by the common population when compared to systemic cancers such as the lung cancer, colon cancer etc. However, they also may be extremely fatal if left untreated even at a very initial stage of the lesion. Early detection and treatment gives the best chance for its cure. The five-year survival rate of oral cancer still remains low and delayed diagnosis is suggested to be one of the major reasons. The detection and diagnosis are currently based on clinical examination, histopathological evaluation of the biopsy material and molecular methods. Several diagnostic aids have been developed over the years for early detection of oral cancer. The purpose of this article is to review the advanced available diagnostic adjuncts for the detection of oral cancer.
Highlights
In our oral cavity, oral cancer is a life threatening disease (Burkhardt, 1985)
The detection and diagnosis are currently based on clinical examination, histopathological evaluation of the biopsy material and molecular methods
Several diagnostic aids have been developed over the years for early detection of oral cancer
Summary
Oral cancer is a life threatening disease (Burkhardt, 1985). It is a part of group of head and neck cancer which may arise as a primary lesion in any part of the oral cavity or oropharynx by metastasis from a distant site of origin. Lack of awareness in the public of the various signs, symptoms and risk factors for oral cancer are all believed to be responsible for the diagnostic delay in a long venture (Stefano, 2009). They are often difficult to diagnose by routine clinical examination. An early detection of these cancers helps in better and faster treatment for improving the prognosis to some extent and the available advanced diagnostic adjuncts aid as a helpful tool for the early diagnosis of oral cancer to the medical practitioners in treating patients suffering from it. Saliva-based oral cancer diagnostics Molecular Methods DNA Ploidy & Quantification of nuclear DNA content Tumor Markers & Bio Markers PCR-Based diagnostic aids
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