Abstract
This chapter is devoted to advanced channel coding and coded modulation techniques. After linear and BCH code fundamentals, we provide the trellis description of linear block codes and describe the corresponding Viterbi decoding algorithm. After describing the fundamentals of convolutional, RS, concatenated, and product codes, we describe coding with interleaving as an efficient way to deal with burst of errors and fading effects. Significant space in the chapter is devoted to codes on graphs, in particular. Turbo, turbo product, and LDPC codes are described together with corresponding decoding algorithms. Regarding LDPC codes, both binary and nonbinary (NB) LDPC codes are introduced, and corresponding decoding algorithms as well as their FPGA implementation are described. Additionally, LDPC codes design procedures are described, followed by rate adaptation. Rate-adaptive FGPA implementations of LDPC and generalized LDPC codes are described as well. The next portion of the chapter is devoted to coded modulation (CM) and unequal error protection (UEP). After providing the coded modulation fundamentals, we describe trellis-coded modulation (TCM, multilevel coding and UEP, bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM), turbo TCM, and various hybrid multidimensional coded modulation schemes suitable for ultra-high-speed optical transmission including multilevel nonbinary LDPC-coded modulation. After coded modulation sections, the focus of the chapter is on multidimensional turbo equalization. The following topics are described: nonlinear channels with memory, nonbinary MAP detection, sliding-window multidimensional turbo equalization, simulation study of multidimensional turbo equalization, and several experimental demonstrations including time-domain 4-D-NB-LDPC-CM and quasi-single-mode transmission over transoceanic distances. In section on optimized signal constellation design and optimized bit-to-symbol mappings-based coded modulation, we describe multidimensional optimized signal constellation design (OSCD), EXIT chart analysis of OSCD mapping rules, nonlinear OSCD-based coded modulation, and transoceanic multi-Tb/s transmission experiments enabled by OSCD. Finally, in adaptive coding and adaptive coded modulation section, we describe adaptive coded modulation, adaptive nonbinary LDPC-coded multidimensional modulation suitable for high-speed optical communications, and adaptive hybrid free-space optical (FSO)-RF-coded modulation.
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