Abstract
Advanced carbon nanomaterials, which comprises fullerene, graphene, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as backbone of engineering and scientific Innovation due to their versatile chemical, physical and electrical properties. Sustainable carbon materials are fabricated using different physical and chemical methods, respectively. Moreover, fabrication methods are used to achieve advanced carbon monoliths which are constituents with desirable properties. Keeping a view of desirable monoliths, diverse allotropes of advanced carbon nanomaterials are mostly employed in renewable energy resources, organic photovoltaic, and energy conservation technology, respectively. Carbon nanomaterials offer tremendous potential for enhancing biology and drug delivery because of biocompatibility. The proposed chapter grants a variety of fabrications methods for sustainable carbon materials as well as highlights the miscellaneous applications. Further, graphene, carbon nanotube (CNT) and fullerene are considered as fast and effective nanocarriers for delivering therapeutic molecules. As advanced carbon materials have controllable porous structure, high surface area, high conductivity, high temperature stability, excellent anti-corrosion property and compatibility in composite materials so they can be employed in energy storage as electrocatalysts, electro-conductive additives, intercalation hosts and ideal substrate for active materials. Meanwhile, the chapter sums up the required demands of advanced carbon materials for technological innovation and scientific applied research.
Highlights
IntroductionCarbon science is immensely popular in several areas of material, nanoscience and, engineering [1] because of its unique and fundamental properties
Graphene is considered as a primary constituent of various allotropes of carbon and knowing as a mother of carbon-based materials especially graphite [12]
3.1 Fabrication of carbon nanotubes via laser ablation. Smalley and his team established, method of laser vaporization for the preparationof fullerene as well as carbon nanotubes [18]. it was initially used for the synthesis of fullerene and later it is used in the production of CNTs, single-wall CNT [19]
Summary
Carbon science is immensely popular in several areas of material, nanoscience and, engineering [1] because of its unique and fundamental properties. Diamond and amorphous carbon were only carbon allotropes known to exist in the early 1980s [4]. Atoms are covalently bonded to three nearest atoms in closed-shell [3] This serendipitous discovery gave rise to a new epoch for synthesized carbon allotropes. Carbon nanotubes were discovered later but they give new dimensions towards the field of advanced carbon. Graphene is considered as a primary constituent of various allotropes of carbon and knowing as a mother of carbon-based materials especially graphite [12]. Scientists are currently working feverishly to achieve the inimitable electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of their carbon materials for potential applications. This chapter will introduce different fabrications methods for sustainable carbon materials as well as highlights their applications in essential energy and environmental-related field
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