RETRACTED: Advanced Binder-Free Electrode Based on CuCo2O4 Nanowires Coated with Polypyrrole Layer as a High-Performance Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing Platform

Mohammad Hatshan,Shafaqat Ali,Afshin Davarpanah,Yasser Mustafa,Marischa Elveny,Ahmed Ibrahim,Dmitry Bokov,Sadia Aslam

doi:10.3390/coatings11121462

Abstract

In this work, the CuCo2O4 nanowires (CuCo2O4 NWs) were grown on carbon cloth electrode (CCE) and then coated with polypyrrole (pPy) layer (CuCo2O4 NWs-pPy@CCE). The morphology and structure characterization of as-prepared CuCo2O4 NWs-pPy@CCE were carried out using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The CuCo2O4 NWs-pPy@CCE was applied directly as an electrocatalyst toward nonenzymatic glucose oxidation. Due to the advantages of this 3D structure, it offer high availability to the analyte/electrolyte, abundant electrochemical-active sites, and high stability and conductivity. As a glucose sensor, the CuCo2O4 NWs-pPy@CCE shows wide linear range (0.01 to 21.3 mM), excellent sensitivity (4.41 μA μM−1 cm−2), good selectivity, low detection limit (0.2 μM), and rapid response time (<1 s) toward glucose detection. Furthermore, the designed sensor shows a great ability in detection of glucose in biological real samples.

Highlights

The field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) technique was used for morphology study of as-synthesized materials
The effect of scan rate on the electrochemical reaction was evaluated, in which the results showed that the glucose oxidation peak currents were raised linearly versus the square root of the scan rate (Figure 3b)
Binder-free CuCo2 O4 NWs were grown on carbon cloth electrode and coated with pPy layer

Summary

Introduction

People with diabetes have high blood glucose degree that leads to the failure of various organs and long-term damage [15–28]. Among various strategies used for determination of glucose degree or concentration [29–42], electrochemical based approaches have got great attention because of their low production cost, rapid response, high sensitivity, and simple instrumentation [43–55]. The enzymatic glucose sensors based on glucose oxidase can provide high sensitivity and selectivity. Because of the intrinsic properties of enzymes, the glucose oxidase activity can be affected by environment factors including temperature, humidity, organic reagents, pH value, and toxic chemicals [56–60]. Much effort has been paid to the design of nonenzymatic glucose sensors that have favorable features such as high stability and low cost

Methods

Results

Conclusion