Advanced approaches of Nanotechnology against COVID-19

Abstract

The COVID-19 recrudescence has instigated a global demand for productive diagnosis, disseminating millions of people with no initial clear signs of decrement owing to the over extension, long incubation period and lack of established treatments or vaccines. The genome sequence and protein structure of the 2019-novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) which were made available in record time, thus allowed the development of inactivated or attenuated viral vaccines making it a well promising solution to mitigate new viral strains. But along with classical vaccines, if we think about a better solution then the nanoscience and nanotechnology approaches can act as a very good alternative to help the medical, technical and scientific communities to fight the pandemic by evolving more advanced nanoparticles for effective detection, sanitation, therapies and vaccines, as SARS-CoV-2 can also be regarded as a functional core–shell nanoparticle which can interact with and remain attached to a variety of stuffs in its vicinity, preserving its bioactivity simultaneously . Nanoparticles inhibits interaction between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), receptors with the viral S protein. This field comprises of multidisciplinary prospects chapters like "nano immunity" which help to design materials for immune modulation, which either stimulates or suppresses the immune response to help in giving counter-response against the cytokine storm or in developing vaccines. Additionally, nano sensors can aid in the diagnoses of COVID-19 even on asymptomatic patients. Also, nanoscale fibres can upgrade personal equipment protection and be reused for medical and economic benefits. Here, we review approaches of new applications of nanotechnology against COVID-19 and highlight its role and advanced manufacturing.