Abstract
Magnetic fluid seal(MFS) is one of the most mature applications of MF and is widely used in numerous fields. Magnet is an essential part in MFS, which create magnetic field gradient to held MFs at the sealing stage to resist pressure. We summarize the MFS mechanisms and the formation mechanisms of magnetic field. Here, we provide an comprehensive comparison with the theory analyses and diverse applications of different magnet type in MFS from two categories, permanent magnet and electromagnet. And their respective strengths and weaknesses were analyzed. We find that the electromagnet has an important role in many working conditions. Then we provide an in-depth, comprehensive insight into the applications of MFS with both permanent magnets and electromagnets, such as application to reduce breakaway torque, to re-magnetize permanent magnets without disassembly and to explore the magnetic saturation principle of magnetic materials. At the end of the paper, the present challenges and future prospects in the progress of electromagnets in MFS are also outlined.
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