Abstract
Seawater flue gas desulfurization (SWFGD) is considered to be a viable solution for coastal and naval applications; however, this process has several drawbacks, including its corrosive absorbent; low vapor loading capacity since the solubility of sulfur oxides (SOx) in seawater is lower than that of limestone used in conventional methods; high seawater flowrate; and large equipment size. This has prompted process industries to search for possible advanced and intensified configurations to enhance the performance of SWFGD processes to attain a higher vapor loading capacity, lower seawater flowrate, and smaller equipment size. This paper presents an overview of new developments as well as advanced and intensified configurations of SWFGD processes via process modifications such as modification and optimization of operating conditions, improvement of spray and vapor distributors, adding internal columns, using square or rectangular shape, using a pre-scrubber, multiple scrubber feed; process integration such as combined treatment of SOx and other gases, and waste heat recovery; and process intensification such as the use of electrified sprays, swirling gas flow, and rotating packed beds. A summary of the industrial applications, engineering issues, environmental impacts, challenges, and perspectives on the research and development of advanced and intensified SWFGD processes is presented.
Highlights
The global energy demand is increasing rapidly, leading to the construction of many power plants using fossil fuel [1]
This paper aims to produce a comprehensive review of the development of Seawater flue gas desulfurization (SWFGD), development of SWFGD, which has recently received significant consideration and is suitable for flue which has recently received significant consideration and is suitable for flue gas treatment for coastal gas for coastal and naval well as enhancement methodologies of this process andtreatment naval applications, as well as applications, enhancementasmethodologies of this process by investigating both by investigating both open literature and patents
It should be noted that quadrupling the gas velocity from 5 to 20 m/s and keeping the gas/liquid ratio (G/L) constant means a fourfold increased throughput
Summary
The global energy demand is increasing rapidly, leading to the construction of many power plants using fossil fuel [1]. Combustion of fossil fuel such as coal and/or oil in these plants increases the amount of sulfurous oxides (SOx , whereof the main constituent is sulfur dioxide (SO2 )), which has a negative impact on human health and the environment [2]. Tight SOx emissions regulations have been promulgated in many countries [3]. Marine shipping accounting for more than 90% of international trade [4] generates substantial SOx emissions [5]. To prevent the formation of SOx , the International Marine Organization (IMO) approved sulfur emissions regulations [6]. From 1 January 2015, equivalent sulfur emissions need to be lower (0.1% in weight) in some coastal regions termed as “Sulphur Emission Control Areas”
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