Advance on anti-diabetic effects of protein hydrolysates and peptides derived from cereals and pseudocereals

Weijing Wu,Qianglai Tan,Shanshan Zhu,Wen Xie,Ju Qiu,Lanlan Wu,Hong Zhu,N Hamid,S Zhou

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202018902030

Abstract

Diabetes is a complex and heterogeneous disorder disease with elevated blood glucose, which is one of the most serious global public health problems. Cereals and pseudocereals, as staple food, are major sources of dietary protein. Cereal and pseudocereal proteins are potential sources of food-derived bioactive peptides and proposed to prevent and ameliorate diabetes. According to recent researches, this review summaries the isolation, purification and analysis of anti-diabetic protein hydrolysates and peptides from cereals and pseudocereals. In addition, their anti-diabetic activities and mechanisms were reviewed by in vitro inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, in vivo hypoglycaemic effects, and glucose homeostasis in cell model.

Highlights

Diabetes is a complex chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycaemia
The drugs used for type 2 diabetes can maintain the blood glucose homeostasis by promoting insulin secretion, improving insulin sensitivity, or delaying the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine and improving the absorption and utilization of glucose [1]
Alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation associated with diabetes contributes to the regulation of glucose homeostasis [3, 4]

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes is a complex chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycaemia. It is one of the most serious public health problems in the world, severely endangering human health [1]. They can inhibit the DPPIV enzyme and promote glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and insulin secretion, controlling a rise in blood glucose after meals They assist to regulate glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues and maintain blood glucose homeostasis by improving insulin sensitivity, reducing inflammatory response, and facilitating antioxidant effects [22]. Protein hydrolysates from cereals and pseudocereals with inhibitory activities against carbohydrate digestive enzyme show the unique advantage over that from other food sources, because they function along with starch digestion, regulating the blood glucose in the digestion process. Studies have shown that rice bran protein hydrolysates do not affect α-glucosidase [14], and peptides from oat globulin can even promote αglucosidase activity [11, 26] Some cereals, such as wheat and buckwheat, contain proteins that inhibit αamylase [8]. Synthetic peptides according to identified sequence from quinoa, IQAEGGLT and DKDYPK, have the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase at 250 μM, 55.85%, and 22.16%, respectively, while the level of inhibition of α-amylase by GEHGSDGNV at 250 μM is 30.84% [13]

DPP-IV inhibition activity

Maintaining blood glucose homeostasis via in vivo animal experiments

Conclusions