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Abstract
BackgroundSystemic inflammation has been linked with cancer development, cancer cachexia and poor outcome. Advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) was developed to assess degree of systemic inflammation at the time of diagnosis in metastatic non-small cell lung (NSCLC) cancer patients.MethodsIn a single institution retrospective review 173 patients with metastatic NSCLC diagnosed between Jan 1 2000 and June 30 2011 were included. ALI was calculated as (BMI x Alb / NLR) where BMI = body mass index, Alb = serum albumin, NLR (neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, a marker of systemic inflammation). Patients were divided into low inflammation (ALI ≥ 18) and high inflammation (ALI < 18) groups. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate progression free survival and overall survival. Log-rank test were used to compare the survivals among various factors. Multivariate Cox regression was used to perform survival analysis in order to estimate the hazards ratio for various factors.ResultsAmong 173 patients median age was 57 years, 67% were male, 52% had adenocarcinoma. Patients with an ALI score of < 18 suggesting high systemic inflammation were significantly more likely to have more than 2 sites of metastatic disease, have poor performance status and less likely to receive any chemotherapy. Their median progression free survival and overall survival was 2.4 months and 3.4 months as opposed to 5.1 months and 8.3 months in patients with ALI >18 (P < 0.001). On multi-variate analysis ALI score of <18 (1.42, 95% CI 1.003-2.01) remained significantly associated with worse outcome.ConclusionALI (<18) at diagnosis is an independent marker of poor outcome in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Highlights
Systemic inflammation has been linked with cancer development, cancer cachexia and poor outcome
Inflammation is recognized both as a condition that leads to cancer development and as a condition that arises due to oncogenic changes in cancer cells [6]
We wanted to evaluate if degree of systemic inflammation at the time of diagnosis in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be a prognostic marker for outcome. For this purpose we developed a simple index based on patient’s height, weight, serum albumin and Nuetrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) from the time of diagnosis
Summary
Systemic inflammation has been linked with cancer development, cancer cachexia and poor outcome. Advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) was developed to assess degree of systemic inflammation at the time of diagnosis in metastatic non-small cell lung (NSCLC) cancer patients. More than half of the patients (56%) with lung cancer at the time of diagnosis have advanced or metastatic disease [4] and even with chemotherapy have a median survival of one year or less [5]. Inflammation is recognized both as a condition that leads to cancer development and as a condition that arises due to oncogenic changes in cancer cells [6]. Systemic inflammation besides promoting tumor growth has been shown to be responsible for many cancer related symptoms including cancer cachexia, anorexia, pain, debilitation and shortened survival [8]
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