Abstract
Introduction: During orthodontic treatment, careful planning is essential for its success, taking into account aspects such as facial harmony, functional occlusion, and esthetics. The anchorage system has been widely used by orthodontists due to its high level of success. In addition to replacing the use of extra and intraoral devices, mini-implants show a simple technique that does not require patient cooperation and less discomfort, enabling more movements predictable and balanced in a short treatment time. Objective: To report the types of mini-implants and their characteristics, addressing their advantages and disadvantages, insertion locations, indications, and contraindications, in order to promote general knowledge of orthodontic treatment with skeletal anchorage. Methods: Clinical studies with qualitative and/or quantitative analysis were included, following the rules of the systematic review-PRISMA. Results: The mini-implants are made in two types, such as self-tapping requires a drill and self-drilling that has a cut. Their use provides advantages such as a set of more agile, simple, and less invasive techniques, with minimal anatomical limitations, less cost, not depending on the patient's contribution, allowing the application of immediate load and increased predictability of movements. Disadvantages are considered when there is movement and loosening of the mini-implant, involvement of nerves and blood vessels during surgery, mucosal irritation, and gingival hyperplasia caused by poor hygiene causing pain and swelling. Conclusion: It is concluded that the mini-implant emerged to revolutionize orthodontic treatment through more precise movements, in a short time, facilitating more complex movements that other devices had difficulty performing. Its main characteristic is a high success rate, in addition to having a reduced size, which allows its insertion in several sites. Consequently, the skeletal anchorage device is an excellent method, as long as it is used according to indications and taking meticulous care from the ideal choice of the device to the moment of its insertion.
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