Advance and Case Analysis in Population SpatialDistribution Based on Remote Sensing and GIS

Spatialized population data is much closer to actual circumstances than population distribution represented in administrative units. It is also crucial for analyzing the relationship among economic growth, environment protection, resource utilization, and other interdisciplinary study. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) are both effective research tools of spatializing census data of human population. The advance in population spatial distribution during the last several decades based on RS and GIS was briefly introduced at the beginning. Through multi-variable regression analysis with statistical population data and fourteen land use indices in county scale for Gansu Province in 2000, it was found that there was a strong relation between population distribution at administrative unit level and land use knowledge. Thus it would be reasonable to generate the population grid from land use grids for Gansu Province in 2000. The final output was a population map at a 1 km2 resolution for study area. Corresponding validation was carried out at last.

The spatial distribution of population is closely related to land use and land cover (LULC) patterns on both regional and global scales. Population can be redistributed onto geo-referenced square grids according to this relation. In the past decades, various approaches to monitoring LULC using remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been developed, which makes it possible for efficient updating of geo-referenced population data. A Spatial Population Updating System (SPUS) is developed for updating the gridded population database of China based on remote sensing, GIS and spatial database technologies, with a spatial resolution of 1 km by 1 km. The SPUS can process standard Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS L1B) data integrated with a Pattern Decomposition Method (PDM) and an LULC-Conversion Model to obtain patterns of land use and land cover, and provide input parameters for a Population Spatialization Model (PSM). The PSM embedded in SPUS is used for generating 1 km by 1 km gridded population data in each population distribution region based on natural and socio-economic variables. Validation results from finer township-level census data of Yishui County suggest that the gridded population database produced by the SPUS is reliable.

: An examination of changes in the proportions of various types of land in urban use shows that vacant land in the larger American cities is rapidly disappearing. Net land-use densities are declining for population and manufacturing employment; commercial employment densities appear to be approximately constant. Consequent ly, unless large amounts of vacant land exist inside the city limits, the average large city appears to have nearly reached its upper limits of population and employment in manufacturing and commerce. A full set of the land-use, popula tion, and employment data utilized in the ana lytical part of this paper are included in the appendixes. The land-use data were collected from the city planning commissions of 48 cities, and both employment and population data are estimates made by the authors. To their knowl edge this is the most complete set of city land use, population, and employment data available in a single publication. Consequently, this Memorandum should be of considerable interest to city planners, regional scientists, and others interested in urban problems. (Author)

BackgroundGeographical Reconnaissance (GR) operations using Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) have been conducted in the elimination provinces of Temotu, Solomon Islands and Tafea, Republic of Vanuatu. These operations aimed to examine modern approaches to GR to define the spatial distribution of target populations to support contemporary malaria elimination interventions.MethodsThree GR surveys were carried out covering the outer islands of Temotu Province (October - November, 2008); Santa Cruz Island, Temotu Province (February 2009) and Tanna Island, Tafea Province (July - September 2009). Integrated PDA/GPS handheld units were used in the field to rapidly map and enumerate households, and collect associated population and household structure data to support priority elimination interventions, including bed net distribution, indoor residual spraying (IRS) and malaria case surveillance. Data were uploaded and analysed in customized Geographic Information System (GIS) databases to produce household distribution maps and generate relevant summary information pertaining to the GR operations. Following completion of field operations, group discussions were also conducted to review GR approaches and technology implemented.Results10,459 households were geo-referenced and mapped. A population of 43,497 and 30,663 household structures were recorded during the three GR surveys. The spatial distribution of the population was concentrated in coastal village clusters. Survey operations were completed over a combined total of 77 field days covering a total land mass area of approximately 1103.2 km2. An average of 45 households, 118 structures and a population of 184 people were recorded per handheld device per day. Geo-spatial household distribution maps were also produced immediately following the completion of GR fieldwork. An overall high acceptability of modern GR techniques and technology was observed by both field operations staff and communities.ConclusionGR implemented using modern techniques has provided an effective and efficient operational tool for rapidly defining the spatial distribution of target populations in designated malaria elimination zones in Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. The data generated are being used for the strategic implementation and scaling-up of priority interventions, and will be essential for establishing future surveillance using spatial decision support systems.

This article reviews 509 Chinese and international journal articles on cultural tourism from1976-2012. It compares the current situation of Chinese and international cultural tourism research based on the annual number of articles, main origin journals, constitution of authors, and distribution of case studies, research types, research fields, research theories and frameworks, and research methods. Generally speaking, Chinese and international cultural tourism research has shown an increasing trend in the past 37 years. The difference is that cultural tourism research started earlier abroad, and the number of articles has increased gradually internationally but sharply at home in recent years. The article also compares the evolution of Chinese and international cultural tourism research during three phases(1976-1989, 1990-1999, and 2000-2012). The analysis shows the following results: first, the types of study in both Chinese and international cultural tourism research were few and scattered in the twentieth century, but became abundant, diverse, and concentrated in the twenty-first century. Ethnic cultural tourism and heritage cultural tourism are the most important research types at home and abroad. The difference is that they achieved a dominant position in 1976-1989 abroad, but reached such position only in the twenty-first century in China. The secondary and auxiliary research types are not identical in China and abroad. Second, in the evolution of the cultural tourism research fields there are two booming and two declining areas domestically but five booming and two declining areas abroad. Specifically, current situation and problems of and suggestions for cultural tourism development, and sustainable development of cultural tourism are the two booming research areas in China, while theoretical considerations and regional cooperative development of cultural tourism are the two declining research areas. Hosts and guests, cultural attractions, marketing,sustainable development, and information provision of cultural tourism are the five booming research areas internationally, while current situation and problems of and suggestions for cultural tourism development, and theoretical considerations of cultural tourism are the two declining areas of research internationally. In addition, several new research fields have arisen both at home and abroad in recent years, which include cultural memory in cultural conservation, evolution of cultural tourism destinations, institutional culture in cultural tourism development, communication and management in cross-cultural tourism, and integration of cultural creativity industry and cultural tourism industry. Third, increasingly, a multitude of academic theories, frameworks, and research methods are applied in Chinese and international cultural tourism research. Academic theories and research methods applied overseas are relatively more diversified and advanced. Compared with international research,application of new theories, frameworks, and research methods in domestic research usually occured later and progressed slowly. Chinese scholars concentrate on descriptive and conceptual analysis, while overseas scholars focus on descriptive and statistics study. Application of modeling methods has been on the rise both at home and abroad in recent years. Finally, the article projects the trends of domestic cultural tourism research in the future,and proposes to switch from concentrating on theoretical research to combining theoretical research with applications, from tracking and referring international research to independent innovative research, from focusing on qualitative study to combining qualitative and quantitative studies, and from isolated research to cooperative team research.

Health impacts have been reported in people living near oil and gas operations (e.g., asthma exacerbation). Towards assessing these risks, studies quantifying proximate populations generally assume an even spatial distribution of population within an administrative unit (e.g., census block). These proportion population allocation (PPA) methods can be improved by excluding non-residential land use areas (i.e. dasymetric mapping), but are still too imprecise to obtain reliable estimates of population densities at small spatial scales (e.g., 50m2). Here we present ABODE (Allocation By Occupied Domicile Estimation), a novel household-level population estimation method that combines geospatial addresses, building footprints, and U.S. Census data. We assess ABODE and PPA methods by comparing population estimates within 200m of active underground natural gas storage (UGS) wells (n = 8,963) in six U.S. states. Overall, ABODE predicts slightly higher population estimates compared to PPA (48,126 vs. 43,052); however estimation bias varied by state and by individual well. ABODE captured higher populations within 200m of UGS wells in OH, WV, and PA with increases of 6, 54, and 66% compared to the PPA method, respectively. Conversely, the ABODE method captures fewer populations in NY, MI, and CA, with decreases of 4, 7, and 26%, respectively. By explicitly identifying households near active UGS wells in the six states, we also quantify well-to-building relationships and compare to state surface setback regulations where they exist. An estimated 9.4% (840) of UGS wells across the six states have at least one building within a regulated setback distance. This results in 2,769 households, or an estimated 4,816 people, living within these states’ respective setbacks (e.g., 100 - 625ft.). The spatially-resolved nature of the ABODE method provides a clear advancement from previous proximity-based methods towards understanding present and future land-use conflicts.

Continental Physiography, Climate, and the Global Distribution of Human Population

This research aimed to understand the differences in research methods adopted between Chinese and international e-commerce research and provided suggestions and recommendations for further research agenda in e-commerce post-COVID-19. This research studied 4,425 Chinese publications between 2015 and 2019 compared to international reviews in e-commerce research. Twelve findings were discussed: 1) Most of China's e-commerce publications (80.24%) did not state any research method. 2) Mixed methods have been well-adopted in China's e-commence research (35.05%), including quantitative-mixed, qualitative-mixed, and quantitative-qualitative mixed methods. They were highly adopted compared to other studies. 3) Survey methods (27.97%) were predominantly single research - purely quantitative method in Chinese research, but they were still behind international research. 4) Case studies (14.05%) were adopted as the second single method in Chinese research. This finding was significantly different from international views. 5) There were different views on whether laboratory experiments should be considered a research method. 6) Document and text analysis methods were reported by Chinese scholars (6.48%), but less and even not be reported internationally. 7) The focus group method was less adopted internationally. 8) The content analysis method (0.84%) was less adopted in Chinese research and was not reported by international scholars. 9) The observation method (0.6%) was less adopted in Chinese research but more adopted in Ain et al. (2019) (2%). Other international studies reported no studies. 10) Interviews (0.36%) were least adopted in Chinese research but highly reported by international scholars. 11) Field study, secondary, and Delphi methods were only adopted in international research, and 12) The correlational research method was not reported in e-commerce research. The main contributions of this study could be stated: Being valuable for researchers interested in Chinese e-commerce research; Adding research value for comparing reviews in e-commerce research methods.

AN ASSESSMENT OF SPATIAL VARIATION OF LAND SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OF MINNA, NIGER STATE NIGERIA FOR SUSTAINABLE URBANIZATION USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES

Bayesian spatio-temporal modelling for malaria surveillance and residual pockets of transmission identification in Swaziland

Land, sometimes referred to as dry land, is the solid surface of Earth that is not permanently covered by water. The study describes the land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics in Bokaro district at Jharkhand from 1991 to 2011 using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS). Whatever, human activities is invented or generated begins from LAND. Therefore, its uses and disintegration by human throughout the period of time is very essential to be known. A city grows not only by population but also by change in its spatial dimensions. The present study investigated the change detection of Bokaro district, Jharkhand, India using LANDSAT satellite data for the year 1991, 2001 and 2011. Topo sheet and high resolution images from Google earth were also used for the study. The process used for the study is known as image processing under which supervised classification method was used using different classes for the study area. The results indicated that there is a drastic increase in agriculture and habitation whereas forest, water and fallow land reduced within the district boundary limit. Migration is still continuing in the district and afforestation/human activities done throughout the period effecting in the reduction of water. Keywords: Change detection, land use and land cover, LANDSAT, Geographical Information System (GIS), remote sensing Cite this Article Modi AK, Das P, Panda D. Land Use/Land Cover Change Dynamic of Bokaro District, East India Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques. Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS . 2018; 9(3): 16–22p.

<p>Rapid population growth has had a significant impact on society, economy and environment, which will challenge the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Spatially accurate and detailed population distribution data are essential for measuring the impact of population growth and tracking progress on the SDGs. However, most population data are evenly distributed within administrative units, which seriously lacks spatial details. There are scale differences between the population statistical data and geospatial data, which makes data analysis and needed research difficult. The disaggregation method is an effective way to obtain the spatial distribution of population with greater granularity. It can also transform the statistical population data from irregular administrative units into regular grids to characterize the spatial distribution of the population, and the original population count is preserved. This paper summarizes the research advances of population disaggregation in terms of methodology, ancillary data, and products and discusses the role of spatial disaggregation of population statistical data in monitoring and evaluating SDG indicators. Furthermore, future work is proposed from two perspectives: challenges with spatial disaggregation and disaggregated population as an Essential SDG Variable (ESDGV). </p>

<p>Rapid population growth has had a significant impact on society, economy and environment, which will challenge the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Spatially accurate and detailed population distribution data are essential for measuring the impact of population growth and tracking progress on the SDGs. However, most population data are evenly distributed within administrative units, which seriously lacks spatial details. There are scale differences between the population statistical data and geospatial data, which makes data analysis and needed research difficult. The disaggregation method is an effective way to obtain the spatial distribution of population with greater granularity. It can also transform the statistical population data from irregular administrative units into regular grids to characterize the spatial distribution of the population, and the original population count is preserved. This paper summarizes the research advances of population disaggregation in terms of methodology, ancillary data, and products and discusses the role of spatial disaggregation of population statistical data in monitoring and evaluating SDG indicators. Furthermore, future work is proposed from two perspectives: challenges with spatial disaggregation and disaggregated population as an Essential SDG Variable (ESDGV). </p>

Rapid population growth has had a significant impact on society, economy and environment, which will challenge the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Spatially accurate and detailed population distribution data are essential for measuring the impact of population growth and tracking progress on the SDGs. However, most population data are evenly distributed within administrative units, which seriously lacks spatial details. There are scale differences between the population statistical data and geospatial data, which makes data analysis and needed research difficult. The disaggregation method is an effective way to obtain the spatial distribution of population with greater granularity. It can also transform the statistical population data from irregular administrative units into regular grids to characterize the spatial distribution of the population, and the original population count is preserved. This paper summarizes the research advances of population disaggregation in terms of methodology, ancillary data, and products and discusses the role of spatial disaggregation of population statistical data in monitoring and evaluating SDG indicators. Furthermore, future work is proposed from two perspectives: challenges with spatial disaggregation and disaggregated population as an Essential SDG Variable (ESDGV).

Information on the spatial distribution of land-use and land-suitability categories and the pattern of their changes is a prerequisite for land-resources management—particularly for agricultural and land-use planning. It is well established that remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) have the potential to make the most significant contribution for land-use mapping and land-suitability analysis. The study was conducted as a pilot project to demonstrate the utility of these tools for land-use and agricultural planning.In this paper, SPOT imagery and aerial photographs were used to analyze the utilization of land through a tree structural classification, which consists of subdividing the classification into levels of analysis, proceeding from the lower level to the next higher one. Then climatic, topographic, soil, and land-use data were georeferenced to the same coordinate system and combined together to create land-suitability maps.