Adults with autism spectrum disorders – specificity of functioning, needs, limitations, possibilities

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) belongs to the group of neurodevelopmental disorders that are characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and social communication, accompanied by limited, repetitive and stereotypical patterns of behavior, activity and interests. They are usually diagnosed early in life, but are increasingly being diagnosed for the first time in adults who were not diagnosed in childhood. Diagnosing adults with ASD is a big challenge for professionals, a long process and a complex and difficult task. Receiving a diagnosis of ASD in adulthood is very important for these people and can help people around them better understand the specific behaviors of a person with ASD. An important potential benefit of obtaining an ASD diagnosis is also the ability to obtain the necessary professional support. For most people, these disorders are life-long, and therefore there is an absolute need to support people with ASD beyond childhood and adolescence. The analysis of the social situation of adults with ASD in Poland shows that no systemic solutions have been developed to help these people throughout their lives, especially in “transition” periods, such as starting school, the next stage of education, or transition to adulthood. Effective support systems for adults with ASD and their families should be developed as soon as possible. People with ASD have a variety of needs that require the coordination of activities in the field of health care, education, finance and social affairs throughout their lives, and taking active measures in the integration and participation of people with ASD and their families in society.