Abstract
Cell-based therapy for regenerative medicine is a major field of biomedical research including its use in the treatment of degenerative joint disease. The goal of regenerative medicine is to develop methods to repair, replace, and diseased, injured, or non-functional tissues. Towards this goal, stem or progenitor cells have been considered a highly desirable candidate cell type, because of their expandability and potential to be induced toward specific cell differentiation lineages. A key requirement in musculoskeletal engineering and regeneration is that ultimately the regenerate tissue needs to be a three-dimensional structure. This may be accomplished through the use of engineered constructs derived by cell seeding into natural or synthetic biomaterial scaffolds. While direct cell injection is the most convenient means of cell delivery, a scaffold-based approach is capable of producing three-dimensional engineered tissues with mechanical properties compatible with those of various musculoskeletal tissues. Of the 40-50 million Americans with osteoarthritis (OA), an estimated 10-12% suffer from post-traumatic OA. We have developed an impact model for the development of post-traumatic OA. Data on the characteristics of this model in vitro and in vivo will be presented. Focal lesions developed in vivo resulting from these traumatic impacts will be repaired using stem cell-laden hydrogel or nanofiber constructs. Concurrently, cell-hydrogel and cell-nanofibrous constructs are currently being developed for the engineering of cartilaginous tissues, and information on the fabrication and biological attributes of these various tissue-engineered composites will be presented. In conclusion, engineering and regenerative medicine presents an exciting, emerging inter-disciplinary research field that is a natural platform for life scientists, engineers, and clinicians working together to develop therapeutic solutions for diseased or injured and organs.
Highlights
Acute isolated neurological syndromes, such as optic neuropathy or transverse myelopathy, may cause diagnostic problems since they can be the first presentations in a number of demyelinating disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS) and collagen diseases
tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy and demyelinating event: A report indicates that adverse events such as the demyelinating lesion in the brain, optic neuritis, and neuropathy occurred after treatment with anti-TNF alpha therapy in collagen disease, and TNF antagonizing therapy showed worsening in a clinical trial with MS
Believing on the similarities of normal joints in humans and monkeys, we have employed a model of collagen-induced arthritis in Macaca fascicularis in an attempt to evaluate the histological alterations caused by such condition in the extracellular matrix of the articular cartilage
Summary
Acute isolated neurological syndromes, such as optic neuropathy or transverse myelopathy, may cause diagnostic problems since they can be the first presentations in a number of demyelinating disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS) and collagen diseases. Acute Serum Amyloid A (A-SAA) is an acute phase protein strongly expressed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue (ST) critically involved in regulating cell migration and angiogenesis These processes are dependent on downstream interactions between extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal components. Conclusions: These results indicate that Egr-1 contributes to IL-1mediated down-regulation of PPARg expression in OA chondrocytes and suggest that this pathway could be a potential target for pharmacologic intervention in the treatment of OA and possibly other arthritic diseases. Immune cell-derived microparticles (MPs) are present at increased amounts in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients [1] and can activate disease-relevant signalling pathways in RA synovial fibroblasts (SF) [2,3].
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