Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells have emerged as a promising tool for studying the mechanisms of cell development, tissue regeneration, and cell therapy for various disorders. Stem/progenitor cells are found not only in the embryo but also in most adult tissues for endogenous repair. They are capable of self renewal and differentiation into various cell types from their germ line, thus, are ideal candidates for cell-based therapy. Expression of neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) proteoglycan is found on several types of cell surface, majorly distributing on undifferentiated precursor cells in the Central Nerve System (CNS), named Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells (OPCs). NG2 proteoglycan has a widespread range of physiological roles and the cells that express chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan NG2/CSPG4 (NG2+cells) react to all forms of pathological insults. This cell population is abundant in the developing and mature organs with also pericytes PCs) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) potential. Our pilot studies demonstrated that NG2+cells are dedicated stem/precursors not only in the CNS as traditional thought, but also outside the CNS. Following injury, the repertoire of NG2+cells expands to become functional cells. Our experiment also showed the importance of NG2+cells as the reservoir for MSCs, which reaffirms the central role of these cells for their therapeutic potential. In this review, we provided some pilot evidence and briefly summarized the more recent progress on adult NG2+cell researches. We hypothesis that adult NG2+cells can be generated from not only the adult mammalian’s CNS but also multiple outside organs including spinal cord, bone marrow, eyes, liver, heart, lung, pancreas and kidney. Therefore, development and research of adult NG2+cells may open a novel perspective in regenerative medicine in the future.
Highlights
Stem/progenitor cells have emerged as a promising tool for studying the mechanisms of cell development, tissue regeneration, and cell therapy for various disorders
The story of NG2 proteoglycan being as a valuable marker for identification of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in the Central Nervous System (CNS) began nearly thirty years ago [1]
We propose the existence of these “adult NG2 progenitors” in bone marrow (BM) may immediately recognize to have important implications for tissue repair during
Summary
A new method is to be required for the development of NG2+cell isolation or purification Based on this line, we purified NG2+cells for the first time from adult mouse spinal cord by using a novel procedure (Figure 1) and found that this purified NG2+cells are highly homogenous (more than 98% of cells express NG2 proteoglycan). We purified NG2+cells for the first time from adult mouse spinal cord by using a novel procedure (Figure 1) and found that this purified NG2+cells are highly homogenous (more than 98% of cells express NG2 proteoglycan) They display discoid, heterochromatic, irregular shape with multiple processes and importantly to response to injury. Our study provided strong evidence that NG2+cells are the highest dividing cell population comparing to other glial cell types when their receiving damage signals Such phenomena were consistence with a study from Lee et al laboratory.
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