Abstract
The mammalian circadian system is a hierarchically organized system, which controls a 24-h periodicity in a wide variety of body and brain functions and physiological processes. There is increasing evidence that the circadian system modulates the complex multistep process of adult neurogenesis, which is crucial for brain plasticity. This modulatory effect may be exercised via rhythmic systemic factors including neurotransmitters, hormones and neurotrophic factors as well as rhythmic behavior and physiology or via intrinsic factors within the neural progenitor cells such as the redox state and clock genes/molecular clockwork. In this review, we discuss the role of the circadian system for adult neurogenesis at both the systemic and the cellular levels. Better understanding of the role of the circadian system in modulation of adult neurogenesis can help develop new treatment strategies to improve the cognitive deterioration associated with chronodisruption due to detrimental light regimes or neurodegenerative diseases.
Highlights
24-h periodicity in a wide variety of body and brain functions and physiological processes
We showed recently that the gap junction proteins Cx30 and Cx43 are rhythmically expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and contribute to entrainment under challenging conditions [11]
The molecular clockwork is input is mainly conveyed from the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) via the geniculoself-sustained and continues to oscillate in the absence of rhythmic environmental cues, e.g., hypothalamic tract through GABA and neuropeptide Y (NPY) release as well as from the under constant darkness and even under culture conditions, with a circadian period [7]
Summary
The circadian clock has developed very early during evolution to enable the organisms to anticipate daily rhythms in the environment such as the light/dark cycle. The role of clock genes and the molecular adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) Both neurotransmitters evoke clock gene clockwork and in adult neurogenesis will beactivity later discussed in detail.to photic input, the SCN expression stimulate. The molecular clockwork is input is mainly conveyed from the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) via the geniculoself-sustained and continues to oscillate in the absence of rhythmic environmental cues, e.g., hypothalamic tract through GABA and neuropeptide Y (NPY) release as well as from the under constant darkness and even under culture conditions, with a circadian period [7]. The axons of the ipRGCs releases glutamate and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) Both neurotransmitters evoke clock gene expression and stimulate SCN neuronal activity [13]. The SCN coordinates the peripheral clocks via various outputs, directly via neuronal synaptic connections with other brain areas and indirectly through the autonomic nervous system, regulation of hormones, behavior, e.g., food intake and locomotor activity as well as via body temperature [reviewed by [8]]. Disruption within the circadian system has negative effects on physical and mental health and is associated with various metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s diseases [reviewed by [21]]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
