Abstract
Skeptics of Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and Trend for International Math and Science Study (TIMSS) argue that while US elementary and high school students are behind their peers in other nations, the US workforce is still excellent because of the high quality post-secondary educational institutions in the US. However, the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) indicates that US adults are in fact far behind their international peers in literacy, numeracy, and technology-based problem solving. Through the use of data mining, this study explored the possible association between PIAAC scores and several constructs. Since the US, Canada, and New Zealand were considered culturally similar nations, according to cluster analysis, patterns between PIAAC scores and selected constructs were analyzed by a variety of big data analytical methods, including cluster analysis, bootstrap forest, boosted tree, and data visualization. Given that PIAAC used multiple computerized adaptive testing, the consequential plausible values were randomly selected when the ensemble approach was used. Additionally, model comparison was utilized to decide between bagging and boosting in order to select the optimal model for each sample. In these samples, cultural engagement, readiness to learn, and social trust, respectively emerged as strong predictors for learning outcomes as they were assessed by PIAAC.
Highlights
1.1 Introduce the ProblemThis research project utilizes data mining techniques, including cluster analysis, bootstrap forest, boosted tree, and data visualization, to identify patterns in an archival data set consisting of 127,757 observations across 18 countries
Based on the following review of literature, this study focused on certain cultural traits that might impact learning outcomes, namely, readiness to learn, cultural engagement, political efficacy, and social trust
The constructs of readiness to learn, cultural engagement, political efficacy, and social trust were entered into a hierarchical cluster analysis
Summary
1.1 Introduce the ProblemThis research project utilizes data mining techniques, including cluster analysis, bootstrap forest, boosted tree, and data visualization, to identify patterns in an archival data set consisting of 127,757 observations across 18 countries. By taking advantage of globalization, we aim to incorporate useful strategies from other countries to promote educational improvement within the US. In a world of increasingly global competition, many nations devote tremendous efforts to improve the education and skill level of their citizens. Skeptics of international assessments argue that while the US grade school and high school students are behind their peers in other nations, the US workforce is still excellent because of the high quality post-secondary educational institutions in the US (Ravitch, 2011). Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) conducted by Organization for Economic and Cooperation and Development (OECD) indicates that American students, and American adults are far behind their international peers in all three test categories: literacy, numeracy, and problem-solving in technology-rich environments
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