Adult Kidney Cancer: Epidemiology, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects of Brazzaville University Hospital

Abstract

Objective: to report epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in the urology-Andrology Department of Brazzaville Hospital and University Center, from January 1, 2000, to December, 31, 2018. Results: Its overall incidence of kidney cancer was 1.4%. The mean age of the patients was 50,8±15.33 years with an H/F sex ratio of 1.3. Forty-seven patients were from Brazzaville and 12 patients from the rural area. There were 13 and nine (figure 1) among farmers and traders respectively. Three risk factors were found. These were tobacco in 57.14% of cases, HBP in 28.57% of cases and obesity in 14.29% of cases. Hematuria was the most common symptom in 49.1%. Kidney ultrasound (76.27%) coupled with the computer tomography scan (94.91%) made it possible to make the diagnosis. Expanded nephrectomy was performed in 55 patients (96.36%) with an under-capital approach. The average length of hospitalization was 9.6 days±4.15 with extremes of 5 to 21 days. Clear cell carcinoma (CCC) was the most common histological type in 75% of cases. In 6 months, survival was 81.3% and in 12 months 37.3%. Conclusion: Adult kidney cancer is an infrequent condition at the University Hospital of Brazzaville. Its diagnosis is made with the couple ultrasound/computer tomography scan; Expanded nephrectomy remains the reference treatment.