Adult jaundice—the pathophysiology, classification and causes

Abstract

Jaundice (icterus) is the commonest presentation in patients with liver disease, and is caused by excessive bilirubin (>17μmol/litre) leading to deposits in subcutaneous tissue e.g. skin, sclera and mucous membranes. Jaundice can be confirmed by a number of simple investigations including patient history, physical examination and biochemical screening; however, the cause of the jaundice may require further investigation. In this article, Suzanne Sargent and Michelle Clayton provide an overview of the pathophysiology of the formation and metabolism of bilirubin and examines the most common causes of jaundice in the adult patient.