Abstract
Adult Brain Neurogenesis, Neural Stem Cells and Neurogenic Niches
Highlights
The cortex of lizards is a useful model to study and understand adult neurogenesis and regeneration mechanisms
Advances in the methodology such as optogenetics and gene reprogramming, allowing the manipulation of different conditions, will guide the discovery of new signaling pathways and interactions, to better understand some aspects recently discussed such as the variation of cell cycle length and the influence of disease conditions, cell heterogeneity and DNA changes
The multipotent state correlates with oscillatory expression of several fate determination factors, whereas the differentiated state correlates with sustained expression of a single factor [38,39,41]. These results indicate that the BHLH transcriptional repressor HES regulates the expression of the proneural factor ASCL1 in an oscillatory versus sustained activity, which in turn regulates the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and the subsequent processes of neuronal fate determination
Summary
The cortex of lizards is a useful model to study and understand adult neurogenesis and regeneration mechanisms. It seems clear that neurogenesis in the adult brain implies the coordinate control of proliferation, migration and differentiation of NSCs in the neurogenic niches for the production of neurons and play an essential physiological role in memory and learning tasks, and neurodegenerative diseases, in conjunction with the beneficial effects of exercise and environmental enrichment in the neurogenic niches. Neurogenesis in the adult brain implies the coordinate control of proliferation, migration and differentiation of NSCs in the neurogenic niches for the production of neurons.
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