Abstract
ObjectivesBased on data from the China National Health Survey, we aimed to examine the association between body height and cardiometabolic disease (CMD) in a large adult population from Shaanxi province, and further to test whether this association was hinged upon other population characteristics.MethodsThis population-based study was conducted in 2014 in Shaanxi Province, China. Utilizing a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, total 5,905 adults with complete data were eligible for analysis, and 1,151 (19.5%) of them had CMD. Of 1,151 CMD patients, 895 (15.1%) had one disorder and 256 (4.4%) had ≥2 disorders.ResultsUsing the bi-directional stepwise method and all-subsets regression, five factors—age, body mass index, family histories of CMD, exercise, and height—constituted the optimal model when predicting CMD risk. Restricted cubic spline regression showed a reduced tendency towards CMD with the increase of body height, with per 10 cm increment in body height corresponding to 14% reduced risk. Ordinal Logistic regression supported the contribution of body height on both continuous and categorical scales to CMD risk before and after adjustment, yet this contribution was significantly confounded by exercise and education, especially by exercise, which can explain 65.4% of total impact. For example, short stature was associated with an increased risk of CMD after multivariable adjustment not including exercise and education (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, P: 1.42, 1.21 to 1.66, <0.001), and tall stature was associated with a reduced risk (0.77, 0.64 to 0.92, 0.003).ConclusionsOur findings indicate short stature was a risk factor, yet tall stature was a protective factor for CMD in Chinese. Notably, the prediction of short and tall stature for CMD may be mediate in part by exercise.
Highlights
Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) includes a constellation of cardiac and metabolic disorders with shared pathogeneses or interlinked mechanisms, and some components of CMD, such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes have posed major public health burdens around the globe [1, 2]
Per 10 cm increment in body height was associated with 14% reduced risk of CMD without adjustment (Model 0) (OR = 0.86, 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs): 0.80 to 0.93, P < 0.001), while this risk was reduced by 36% after adjusting for age, sex, marital status, personal income, drinking, and family histories of CMD (Model 1) (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.57 to 0.73, P < 0.001)
Population-based analysis on 5,905 Chinese adults from Shaanxi province, we aimed to examine the association of body height with CMD, and further to test whether this association was hinged upon other population characteristics
Summary
Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) includes a constellation of cardiac and metabolic disorders with shared pathogeneses or interlinked mechanisms, and some components of CMD, such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes have posed major public health burdens around the globe [1, 2]. There is evidence indicating that short statured persons were observed to be more likely to have abnormal blood pressure [5], unfavorable glucose and lipid metabolisms [6, 7], as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events [8, 9]. In support of this claim, an individual participant meta-analysis conducted by the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration showed that taller adults had a lower risk of deaths from coronary disease, stroke subtypes, and heart failure than shorter adults [10]. Given the wide geographic and race-specific distributions of adult height worldwide, it is necessary to justify the risk of CMD conferred by body height in specific populations
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