Abstract
In this study, both pristine cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC) and maleic anhydride functionalized cellulose nanocrystalline (MA-CNC) were prepared from the stems of Eichhornia crassipes weed by the sulfuric acid hydrolysis method. The as-prepared adsorbents were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) instruments. These materials were applied for the removal of Cd(II) ions from WW. The uptake mechanism was fixed to both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms with a maximum Cd(II) ion uptake capability (qmax) of 75.76 and 215.52 mg g−1 by CNC and MA-CNC adsorbents, respectively. Pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model was well fitted to the uptake process. The adsorbent regeneration study was done after desorption of Cd(II) ions from the adsorbent by HCl washing. Results exhibited that the adsorbent was reused for the removal of Cd(II) ions from real WW after successive 13th cycle.
Highlights
The pollution of the environment by different toxic pollutants, such as heavy metals, dyes, and pesticides, has stimulated great concern and is the most focusing issue in developing countries [1]. e sources for these pollutants are different natural and anthropogenic activities, such as domestic, industrial, and agricultural activities. ese pollutants enter into the water bodies through the release of different pollutant-containing effluents
Most of the research studies reported in the literature were on the removal of Cd(II) ions from synthetic wastewater only, but there is a dearth of information regarding the removal of Cd(II) ions from real wastewater. erefore, the study focused on the preparation and characterization of pristine cellulose nanocrystallines (CNCs) and maleic anhydride-modified maleic anhydride functionalized cellulose nanocrystalline (MA-CNC) adsorbents from the stems of Eichhornia crassipes weed to remove Cd(II) ions from real wastewater
Compared with the spectrum of raw CNC, additional peaks observed in the oxidized cellulose nanomaterial (MA-CNC) at 1428 cm−1, referring to the stretching vibration of the ionic carboxylic groups, confirmed the insertion of carboxylic groups on the surface of CNC sorbent
Summary
The pollution of the environment by different toxic pollutants, such as heavy metals, dyes, and pesticides, has stimulated great concern and is the most focusing issue in developing countries [1]. e sources for these pollutants are different natural and anthropogenic activities, such as domestic, industrial, and agricultural activities. ese pollutants enter into the water bodies through the release of different pollutant-containing effluents. Ese are chemical precipitation, chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT), filtration, reverse osmosis, solvent extraction, ion exchange, coagulation, and adsorption [5, 6] Most of these technologies need high prices, have relatively low remediation capabilities, and call for further treatments [7]. Chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) methods can remove the Cd(II) ions levels partially, but the complete removal of Cd(II) ions is not guaranteed This technique leads to the production of an increased number of alkaline. Us, in this study, cellulose nanocrystallines (CNCs) were selected as a good adsorbent for Cd(II) ions remediation from wastewater due to their bioavailability, biocompatibility, sustainability, environmentally friendly, renewability, having high aspect ratio, having better physical and chemical stability, and abundant active and reactive surface [17, 18]. Most of the research studies reported in the literature were on the removal of Cd(II) ions from synthetic wastewater only, but there is a dearth of information regarding the removal of Cd(II) ions from real wastewater. erefore, the study focused on the preparation and characterization of pristine CNC and maleic anhydride-modified MA-CNC adsorbents from the stems of Eichhornia crassipes weed to remove Cd(II) ions from real wastewater
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