Abstract
Being abundant and hazardous solid waste, the utilization of fly ash was sought. This study aimed to convert coal fly ash into zeolite using reflux method combined with microwave and ultrasonic pretreatments. Fly ash was reacted with NaOH 2 M, ultrasonicated for 30 minutes and irradiated using microwave for 45 minutes. The resulting solution was then refluxed for 24 hours. The zeolite formation was confirmed by FTIR and XRD analysis. The zeolite was then activated by 20% HCl for 2 hours. Fly ash, zeolites and activated zeolite were characterized for their adsorptive properties using a cationic dye via batch experiment. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of fly ash, zeolite, and acid activated zeolite were 0.0003 mg g, 51 mg/g, and 101 mg/g, respectively. BET analyses indicated that the surface area of fly ash was 7 m2/g, while that for zeolite and acid activated zeolite were 82.4 m2g and 82.6 m2/g, respectively. The FTIR showed the Si-OH groups were significantly enhanced upon acid activation indicated by absorption peak at 960-1100 cm-1. It can be concluded that the chemisorption via cation-exchange or monolayer interaction played a major role in the adsorption mechanism of zeolite, supported by the allignment of the adsorption data plots to Langmuir isoterm adsorption model.
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