Abstract
Industrial wastewater containing dyes poses a significant environmental threat due to their persistence and potential toxicity. Adsorption using bio-based materials offers a promising and sustainable approach for dye removal. This study investigates the effectiveness of bio-based adsorbents derived from coconut husk, banana peels, and orange peels (pretreated with formaldehyde and sulfuric acid) for methylene blue (MB) removal. The adsorbents were characterized using SEM and FTIR. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the MB removal efficiency under various conditions (pH, dosage, temperature, agitation, and contact time). The results showed that the Freundlich isotherm model best described the equilibrium adsorption data, indicating favorable multilayer adsorption. Kinetic studies revealed a pseudo-first-order reaction with an exceptional removal efficiency of 99.94%. Notably, the R-squared value of 0.99992 signifies an excellent fit of the model to the experimental data. These findings demonstrate the remarkable potential of bio-based materials for MB removal from wastewater. This approach offers an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution for dye remediation in the textile and dyeing industries, contributing to cleaner water resources.
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