Abstract
One of the most challenging issues for developing countries in modern times is the care and management of clean, potable drinking water sources. Accordingly, this study singled out potential contributing factors to harmful algae blooms with a particular focus on phosphorus (P) release. The potential risks of P release for the drinking water from a lake in Fujian were assessed by investigating the spatial-temporal distribution of P, its exchange capacity, and its discharge capacity in sediment, including the community composition of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) and the phosphate’s initial migration effects on sediments. Different mixed materials, including soil aggregate distributions, sorbent, fractions, adsorption-desorption of P, and the community composition of PAOs were assessed. Total phosphorus (TP) content was measured at 24.4 ± 1.2 to 563.9 ± 38.2 mg/kg, but contents displayed some spatial differences. The dominant Ps found in the sample sediments were organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus associated with hydroxide Fe/Al-P, which accounted for 48.6% and 43.6%, respectively, of the TP content in the lake’s central waters. The TP concentration in vertical sediment ranged from 436.2 ± 21.3 to 602.9 ± 31.4 mg/kg. The TP spatio-temporal distribution inputs varied with rainfall (p < 0.05). P deposition occurred throughout most water bodies (p < 0.05), covering extensive areas and also decreasing at lower depths. Forty-four operational taxonomic unit (OTU) phosphorus-accumulating organism types from 11 phyla were detected in the sediment samples obtained from the Sanshiliujiao Lakes region. Proteobacteria also dominated compared to the organisms with the strongest PAOs. The diversity of PAOs in summer samples was significantly higher than that of the autumn samples. These findings provide a scientific foundation for determining the future discovery of the microbial mechanisms involved in the phosphorus metabolic cycle found in reservoir sediments. Various forms of phosphorus influenced the PAO diversity, especially Fe/Al-P. Thus, the abundance of PAOs in the sediment proved to be an essential component of the P cycle and may even play a key role in regional material circulation and in causing other environmental issues.
Highlights
This article is an open access articleDue to the effects of rapid economic and social development, excessive nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus (P), have been released into international bodies of freshwater, which has resulted in severe water eutrophication [1,2,3]
We suggest that the phosphorus cycle between sediments and algal blooms provides an important subject area for research teams for further study
This study aimed to examine the distribution and proportion of P in the sediments of Sanshiliujiao Lake to simulate the adsorption and release characteristics of sediment P, and to explore the environmental impact of sediment P collected from surface sediments and cores
Summary
Due to the effects of rapid economic and social development, excessive nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus (P), have been released into international bodies of freshwater, which has resulted in severe water eutrophication [1,2,3]. Sustainability 2021, 13, 11501 drinking water supplies [4,5]. For these reasons, eutrophication has become one of the most challenging environmental problems in developing countries such as China. The primary reason that HABs cannot wholly be resolved and can even cause re-eutrophication, is most likely that it is challenging to manage the critical causes, such as responses to climate change and other anticipated nutrients’ forcing of HABs; the specific mechanisms are not precisely understood [10]. We suggest that the phosphorus cycle between sediments and algal blooms provides an important subject area for research teams for further study
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