Abstract
The accumulation of Cu2+ in water is a potential threat to human health and environment. Dicarboxylic nanocellulose (DNC) with rich carboxyl groups was prepared through the NaIO4–NaClO2 sequential oxidation method to efficiently remove copper ions, and the Cu2+ adsorption properties and cost were studied. The maximum adsorption capacity reached 184.2 mg/g at pH 6 and an adsorbent dose of 5 g/L. Theoretically, the maximum adsorption capacities of monocarboxylic nanocellulose (MNC), DNC, and tricarboxylic nanocellulose (TNC) with carboxyl groups as the main adsorption sites were calculated to be 228.7, 261.3, and 148.1 mg/g, respectively. The Cu2+ adsorption costs of MNC, DNC, and TNC were calculated and compared with those of powdered activated carbon (PAC). The Cu2+ adsorption capacity of DNC is higher than that of PAC, and the adsorption cost is close to or lower than that of PAC, demonstrating that the DNC prepared by sequential oxidation of NaIO4–NaClO2 has competitive adsorption capacity and cost in the treatment of wastewater containing Cu2+.
Highlights
The rapid development of industrial and agricultural products since the 20th century has led to the gradual accumulation of heavy metal ions in soil and water
Are shown in Fig. 1a, the Dicarboxylic nanocellulose (DNC) have three main peaks at 15.1, 16.3, and 22.8 2θ corresponding to the Miller indices of (1 1 ̄0), (110) and (200); the characteristic peaks of cellulose Type I are preserved, and the DNC is categorized as Type I cellulose, the crystal form has not changed after the reaction [27]
It could be explained that carboxyl groups appeared on the surface of DNC, and the hydroxyl groups in the molecular chain of cellulose were oxidized to carboxyl groups [33]
Summary
The rapid development of industrial and agricultural products since the 20th century has led to the gradual accumulation of heavy metal ions in soil and water. Copper ions are the most common heavy metal pollutants in industrial effluents and may accumulate in the human liver, posing serious threat to health [2]. Adsorption is one of the most common approaches for removing heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. This method mainly exploits the porosity, high specific surface area, and high surface activation energy of the adsorbent to remove heavy metal ions from water by surface complexation, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic attraction. Activated carbon is a material with abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on its surface, which are conducive to the adsorption of heavy metals. Ion-exchange fibers adsorb heavy metal ions through ion exchange between the exchange groups
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