Adsorption of Triterpene Extracts of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Momordica charantia&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (Cucurbitaceae) Leaves by Local Kaolin from Boboyo, Far North Region (Cameroon)

Wangmene Bagamla,Djakba Raphael,Loura Benguellah Benoit,Harouna Massai

doi:10.11648/j.ajcbe.20210501.12

Abstract

Plant extracts are nowadays cited as suitable tools for better protection of stored grains insect pest attacks. These chemical insecticides are less attractive to producers because of their low persistence and difficulty to use as pure product. The present work aimed to study the formulation through adsorption of tetracyclic triterpene of the leaves of Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) on kaolin. tetracyclic triterpene was obtained by macerated in methanol solvent. In this study, we tested the technical properties of kaolin physically and chemically, which include XRF, XRD, and FTIR. Based on the XRF test, the main composition of kaolin, SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O, Na2O, SO3, P2O5 were 45.41, 20.54, 8.10, 0.13, 0.79, 01.10, 01.09, 0.04, and 0.03% respectively, while the rest were impurities. The FTIR spectra showed the functional groups of Al-OH, Al-O and Si-O. While the XRD diffractogram identified kaolinite as the main mineral phase in the presence of quartz, muscovite, and grossite tested in small quantities in the sample. The experimental parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of extract of triterpene and temperature were studied. The study revealed that the maximum quantity of adsorption is reached after 10 minutes, it is believed that the quantities adsorbed with the increase in the concentration of the adsorbate and quantities adsorbed decreases with the increase of the mass of the clay and temperature. The adsorbent showed good potential for adsorption with a maximum take up of 0.34 mg/g. The equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption involved a chemical process, spontaneous, and endothermic in nature. The kinetic study showed that the second-order model gives a better description of the kinetics of the adsorption reaction. The study of the adsorption of triterpene extract by kaolinite can be used for a powdery formulation of insecticide.

Highlights

Plant extracts are compounds concentrated in molecules derived from plant metabolism
It is in this perspective that we are committed to promoting the development of a powdery insecticide formulation on the basis of triterpenes compounds of optimized extracts from the leaves of M. charantia and natural clay of Boboyo in view to reduce the extract concentration introduced without affecting the effectiveness of the finished product as well as modulating its release by prolonging its kinetic profile
Fourier Transforms Infrared Analysis (FT-IR) In the FTIR spectra of kaolinite, the wide absorption band at 3695 cm-1, and 3622 cm-1 corresponds to the inner and outer structural hydroxyl Al-OH stretching with medium strength respectively

Summary

Introduction

Plant extracts are compounds concentrated in molecules derived from plant metabolism. Some provide protection against solar radiation and others facilitate the dispersal of pollen and seeds [3] They are produced in very small quantities, of which more than 200,000 molecules have been identified such as phenolic compounds, alkaloids and terpenoids [2, 3]. Momordica charantia is one of those popularly known plants for its numerous medicinal virtues This plant belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. Its fruits and leaves are used to cure several diseases like: gout, rheumatism, colic, worms, liver diseases and spleen [7] These biological activities are attributed to their complex chemical composition; they are rich in proteins, triterpens, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, and acids [8]. Triterpenes compounds of optimized extracts from M. charantia fixed on clay constitutes a possible approach for producing a powdery insecticide formulation for industrial purposes. It is in this perspective that we are committed to promoting the development of a powdery insecticide formulation on the basis of triterpenes compounds of optimized extracts from the leaves of M. charantia and natural clay of Boboyo in view to reduce the extract concentration introduced without affecting the effectiveness of the finished product as well as modulating its release by prolonging its kinetic profile

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Conclusion