Abstract
Heavy metals pollution receives worldwide attention due to great toxicity, significant bio-accumulation and non-biodegradability. Adsorption is a promising technique for removing heavy metals from wastewater. Adsorption of zinc (Zn(II)) from aqueous solution was investigated by functionalized lignocellulose derived from fallen leaves. Alkalized lignocellulose (AC), xanthated lignocellulose (XC) and carboxylated lignocellulose (CC) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of sorbent dosage, solution pH, sorption time and initial Zn(II) concentration on Zn(II) sorption was investigated by single-factor experiment. Sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics were examined to reveal sorption mechanism. The sorption capacity and removal rate remarkably depend on experimental variables. Zn(II) sorption onto AC, XC and CC is well described by the pseudo second order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm. The sorption process is fast, reaching sorption equilibrium at 30 min. The maximum sorption capacity of Zn(II) onto CC is 46.49 mg/g, higher than that onto AC, XC and other reported sorbents. Thermodynamic parameters indicate that Zn(II) sorption is a spontaneous process. Sorption mechanism is majorly attributed to surface complexation. This work shows the feasibility of removing toxic Zn(II) from aqueous solution by locally available biomass, providing a sustainable approach for wastewater treatment.
Highlights
Heavy metals (HMs) cause a serious threat to ecological system and public health, due to great toxicity, significant bio-accumulation and non-biodegradability [1,2]
The main objective of this study is to examine the sorption behavior and mechanism of Zn(II) ion on modified lignocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), (1) to characterize the physicochemical properties of sorbents; (2) to determine the effect of experimental factors including sorbent dosage, solution pH, sorption time and initial Zn(II) concentration; (3) to reveal sorption mechanism by studying sorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics
The properties of Alkalized lignocellulose (AC), xanthated lignocellulose (XC) and Carboxylated lignocellulose (CC) are studied by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
Summary
Heavy metals (HMs) cause a serious threat to ecological system and public health, due to great toxicity, significant bio-accumulation and non-biodegradability [1,2]. HMs in water can be taken in by organism and accumulated in animals and human beings via food chain. The accumulated HMs in living tissues and organs results in serious diseases and disorders [3]. HMs should be strictly controlled to meet the safe discharge standards. Various techniques are proposed for management of HMs pollution [4,5]. Among these techniques, adsorption is very promising because of the advantages of easy operation, low cost and possibility of metal recovery
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