Abstract

Salicylhydroxamic acid (SHA) and octyl hydroxamic acid (OHA) are two commonly used hydroxamic acid-based collectors in fine cassiterite flotation. While some reports suggest that a mixture of OHA and SHA yields superior results compared to their individual use, there is a lack of experimental exploration and theoretical analysis. In this study, the flotation performance and the associated adsorption mechanism of SHA, OHA and their mixture on fine cassiterite particles was systematically investigated. The results demonstrate a synergistic effect between SHA and OHA in enhancing fine cassiterite flotation, with the most significant enhancement occurring at a 1:1 mass ratio under the natural pH conditions. This finding is corroborated by contact angle and zeta potential tests. When both SHA and OHA are present, SHA likely attaches to the cassiterite surface via chemisorption in the form of a five-membered chelate ring, while OHA adheres through physical adsorption, primarily establishing hydrogen bonds with oxygen sites on the cassiterite surface or with SHA molecules. The adsorption ratio of SHA to OHA onto cassiterite surfaces is approximately 69%: 31% when an equal mass of SHA and OHA interact with cassiterite under the natural pH condition.

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