Abstract
The adsorption of phenol, 2-, 3-, 4-chlorophenol, 2-, 4-dichlorophenol and 2-, 4-, 6-trichloro-phenol on halloysite nanotubes modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA/halloysite nanocomposite) was investigated in this work by inverse liquid chromatography methods. Morphological and structural changes of the HDTMA/halloysite nanocomposite were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption method. Specific surface energy heterogeneity profiles and acid base properties of halloysite and HDTMA/halloysite nanocomposite have been determined with the inverse gas chromatography method. Inverse liquid chromatography methods: the Peak Division and the Breakthrough Curves Methods were used in adsorption experiments to determine adsorption parameters. The obtained experimental adsorption data were well represented by the Langmuir multi-center adsorption model.
Highlights
Phenols and its chloro derivatives are extensively used in numerous industrial processes [1,2].Pharmaceutical, petrochemical, pesticides, plastic, textile, paper and other industries were reported as major sources of these compounds in wastewater [2]
Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms for HAL and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA)/HAL samples are characteristic as regards type IV with H3 hysteresis loops, according to the International Union of Pure and Applied methanol, acetononitrile together with ethyl acetate as probe compounds
FTIR spectra and inverse gas chromatographic measurements confirmed that the modification of halloysite nanotubes by HDTMA changes the character of halloysite surface, enabling the adsorption of phenol and chlorophenols from negative to positive charged and more hydrophobic
Summary
Phenols and its chloro derivatives are extensively used in numerous industrial processes [1,2].Pharmaceutical, petrochemical, pesticides, plastic, textile, paper and other industries were reported as major sources of these compounds in wastewater [2]. Chloro derivatives of phenol show mutagenic and carcinogenic effect and low biological degradability even at trace levels That is why they are listed as priority pollutants according to the US Environmental Protection. The toxicity of chlorophenols is affected by the number and position of chlorine atoms in the benzene ring [3] Their environmental sustainability, poor biodegradability and unpleasant odor cause the need to remove these compounds from the environment. Their removal from industrial effluents is currently one of the challenges in water purification and several treatment methods, including biological, chemical and physical processes are being applied for this purpose [5]. One of the effective processes for the removal of phenol and chlorophenols is adsorption due to its high efficiency, simplicity and applicability [6]
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